海藻渣对植烟土壤理化性质和烟草生长的影响

黄振瑞 1; 陈迪文 2; 吴庚福 2; 3; 黄跃鹏 4; 李集勤 1; 马柱文 1

文章摘要

黄振瑞 1 ，陈迪文 2，吴庚福 2,3，黄跃鹏 4，李集勤 1 ，马柱文 1.海藻渣对植烟土壤理化性质和烟草生长的影响[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(2):67-74

查看全文 HTML 海藻渣对植烟土壤理化性质和烟草生长的影响

Effects of Seaweed Residue on Physicochemical Properties of Tobacco Planting Soil and Tobacco Growth

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.02.009

中文关键词: 海藻渣土壤调理剂烟草土壤团粒结构土壤酶土壤养分

英文关键词: seaweed residue soil conditioner tobacco soil aggregate structure soil enzyme soil nutrient

基金项目:广东省农业科学院青年科技骨干项目（R2019YJ-QG001）；广东省烟草专卖局（公司）科技项目（201744000020096）

作者

单位

黄振瑞 1 ，陈迪文 2，吴庚福 2,3，黄跃鹏 4，李集勤 1 ，马柱文 1

1. 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 / 广东省烟草育种与综合利用工程技术研究中心 / 广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室，广东广州 510640；2. 广东省科学院生物工程研究所 / 广东省现代农业产业技术研发中心（资源环境与农产品安全），广东广州 510316； 3. 仲恺农业工程学院资源与环境学院，广东广州 510225；4. 广东烟草韶关市有限公司，广东韶关 512000

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中文摘要:

【目的】针对广东烟草种植区域部分烟田土壤结构差、养分含量不高的问题，研究不同施用量海藻渣对植烟土壤理化性质和烟草生长的影响。【方法】采用盆栽试验，设不施肥（CK）、常规施肥（S1）、常规施肥 +1% 海藻渣（S2）、常规施肥 +2.5% 海藻渣（S3）、常规施肥 + 5% 海藻渣（S4）5 个处理。【结果】施用土壤重量 5% 海藻渣有利于增加土壤 0.25~1 mm 团粒的比例。施用土壤重量 2.5%~5% 海藻渣有利于提高土壤 pH 值，增加养分含量和土壤酶活性，其中，S4 处理土壤的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁和有机质含量比 S1 处理分别提高 12.22%、20.15%、9.51%、34.08%、68.08% 和 10.39%，同时土壤中蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性在施用海藻渣后 30 d 和 60 d 均显著提高。另外，施用 2.5%~5% 海藻渣有利于促进烟草生长，增加株高、茎粗和叶片数，提高烟叶的产量，其中 S2、S3、S4 处理烟草上部叶鲜重比 S1 处理分别提高 13.26%、21.27% 和 17.43%，以 S3 处理总鲜重最大，比 S1 处理增加 12.48%。【结论】按土壤重量比例施用一定量的海藻渣有利于改善植烟红壤的团聚体结构，提高土壤酶的活性，提升土壤养分含量，促进烟草植株生长，提高烟叶产量，海藻渣施用量以土壤重量 2.5% 效果较好。

英文摘要:

【Objective】To solve the problems of poor soil structure and low nutrient content in some tobacco fields in Guangdong Province, the study was carried out to explore the effects of different amounts of seaweed residue on the physicochemical properties of tobacco planting soil and tobacco growth.【Method】Through pot experiments, five treatments were set: CK: no fertilization; S1: conventional fertilization, without seaweed residue application; S2: conventional fertilization, applying seaweed residue accounting for 1% of soil weight; S3: conventional fertilization, applying seaweed residue accounting for 2.5% of soil weight; S4: conventional fertilization, applying seaweed residue accounting for 5% of soil weight. 【Result】The application of seaweed residue accounting for 5% of soil weight was beneficial to increase the proportion of 0.25-1 mm soil aggregates. The application of seaweed residue accounting for 2.5%-5% of soil weight was beneficial to improve soil pH value, increase the soil nutrition contents and the soil enzymatic activity. Compared with S1 treatment, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and organic matter of soil increased 12.22%, 20.15%, 9.51%, 34.08%, 68.08% and 10.39% respectively, and the activities of sucrase, urease, phosphatase and catalase were significantly improved 30 days and 60 days after the application of seaweed residue. In addition, the application of 2.5%-5% seaweed residue was beneficial to promote tobacco growth, increase plant height, stem diameter and leaf number, and improve tobacco yield. Compared with S1, the fresh weight of upper leaves under treatments S2, S3 and S4 increased by 13.26%, 21.27% and 17.43%, respectively. The total fresh weight of S3 treatment was the largest, which was 12.48% higher than that of S1 treatment.【Conclusion】The application of a certain amount of seaweed residue according to the weight ratio of soil was beneficial to improve the aggregate structure of tobacco planting red soil, increase the soil enzymatic activity, enhance the soil nutrient content, promote the growth of tobacco plants and increase the yield of tobacco leaves. The effect of application rate of seaweed residue accounting for 2.5% of soil weight was better.

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