不同烤烟品种在宣威西南部多雨烟区的适应性研究

王全贞; 夏贤仁; 夏荣帅; 潘义宏; 杨森; 杨美丽; 王瑛; 张军刚

文章摘要

王全贞，夏贤仁，夏荣帅，潘义宏，杨森，杨美丽，王瑛，张军刚.不同烤烟品种在宣威西南部多雨烟区的适应性研究[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(3):33-41

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Study on Adaptability of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in the Rainy Southwest Tobacco Area of Xuanwei City

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.03.005

中文关键词: 烤烟品种适应性品质经济性状生态烟区

英文关键词: flue-cured tobacco variety adaptability quality economic character ecological tobacco area

基金项目:中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目（2019530000241031）；云南省教育厅科学研究基金（2020Y0415）

作者	单位
王全贞，夏贤仁，夏荣帅，潘义宏，杨森，杨美丽，王瑛，张军刚	1. 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司，云南曲靖 652300；2. 西南林业大学化学工程学院，云南昆明 650224

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中文摘要:

【目的】筛选适宜宣威西南部多雨烟区种植的优质烤烟品种。【方法】2019 年采用田间对比试验方法，研究 10 个烤烟品种的农艺性状、主要病害发生率、经济性状以及初烤烟叶的含梗率、化学成分和感官质量等差异性。【结果】云烟 105、中川 208 和云烟 97 等烤烟品种的大田长势表现较好（主要表现在单叶面积和株高等指标）；4 种主要病害发病率均低于 3%，其中黑胫病、普通花叶病的发病率均低于 1.4%，较其他品种低；以单位产值为主的经济性状较优，产值均大于 53 300 元 /hm2，生态适应性最好；云烟 105 的平均含梗率最低、为29.45%，化学成分和感官质量综合指数中等，分别为 0.60、0.59，烟叶品质适中，市场适应性较好。【结论】云烟 105 适合在宣威西南部烟区进行示范和推广种植，应加强生长期间赤星病和野火病的预防和防治；云烟 97 和中川 208 可优化施肥、栽培措施和烘烤技术研究，降低烟叶含梗率、提升烟叶内在品质，再进一步示范和规模种植。云烟 87 和云烟 301 表现出较优的烟叶品质，在稳定烟叶品质的前提下，应注重对其病害防治、烟叶产量和等级结构提升方面的研究，发挥两个品种在市场适应性方面的优势。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The study was to screen out high-quality flue-cured tobacco varieties suitable for planting in the rainy southwest tobacco area of Xuanwei City.【Method】In 2019 , a field comparative experiment was conducted to study the differences of agronomic characters, incidence of major diseases, economic characters, stem ratio, chemical composition and sensory quality of ten flue-cured tobacco varieties.【Result】The flue-cured tobacco varieties including Yunyan 105, Zhongchuan 208 and Yunyan 97 had better field growth performance (mainly manifested in the indexes of single leaf area and plant height etc.). The incidences of four main diseases were all lower than 3% for these three varieties, among which the incidences of black shank disease and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were both lower than 1.4%, which were lower than those of other varieties. The economic characters mainly based on the unit output value were better, the output value per hectare was more than 53 300 yuan, with the best ecological adaptability. The mean stem ratio of Yunyan 105 was the lowest, which was 29.45%. The composite inder scores of chemical composition and sensory quality were 0.60 and 0.59, respectively, with moderate tobacco leaf quality, and the variety showed better market adaptability.【Conclusion】Yunyan 105 variety is suitable for demonstration and promotion in southwest tobacco area of Xuanwei City, however, the prevention and control of tobacco brown spot and wildfire during growth period should be strengthened. In addition, researches on fertilization, cultivation measures and curing technologies for Yunyan 97 and Zhongchuan 208 can be carried out to further reduce stem ratio and improve the internal quality of tobacco leaves for further demonstration and large-scale planting. Yunyan 87 and Yunyan 301 show better tobacco leaf quality. On the premise of stabilizing the quality of tobacco leaves, researches on disease control, yield and grade structure improvement should be intensified to give full play to the advantages of these two varieties in market adaptability.

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