| 温碧柔，林来凤，赖文娜，陈仕林，刘活，易润华.椰子果腐病菌的鉴定及生物学特性[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(3):89-97 |
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椰子果腐病菌的鉴定及生物学特性 |
| Identification and Biological Characteristics of Thielaviopsis paradoxa Causing Fruit Rot on Cocos nucifera |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.03.011 |
| 中文关键词: 椰子 果腐病 生物学特性 奇异根串珠霉菌 杀菌剂 |
| 英文关键词: Cocos nucifera fruit rot biological characteristics Thielaviopsis paradoxa fungicide |
| 基金项目:国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（CXXL2018011） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】确定椰子果实腐烂的病原菌及其生物学特性，为椰子贮运及防病提供理论依据。【方法】用稀释分离法从病果中分离的纯培养物进行致病性测定确定病原菌，通过形态学和分子生物学方法对病原菌进行鉴定，并研究其生物学特性。【结果】椰子果腐病菌为 Thielaviopsis paradoxa，可侵染菠萝蜜、甘蔗、木薯、香蕉、豆薯、龙血树、芒果和凤梨。菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发的最佳温度均为 25 ℃。菌丝生长最快的 pH 为 6，产孢、孢子萌发最佳 pH 分别为 6 和 5；菌丝生长、孢子萌发的最佳光照培养条件均为 24 h 光照培养，最佳产孢的光照条件为 24 h 黑暗培养；菌丝生长和产孢的最佳碳源均为阿拉伯树胶，孢子萌发最佳碳源为淀粉；菌丝生长、产孢、孢子萌发最佳的氮源均为酵母粉；菌丝生长、产孢、孢子萌发最适培养基分别为 PDA、PSA 和 OMA。毒力测定结果表明，氟硅唑·吡唑对果腐病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑菌效果最好，EC50 分别为 0.005 mg/L 和 3.657 mg/L。【结论】环境因子对病原菌菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发影响显著，25 ℃有利于病害的发生。氟硅唑·吡唑对椰子果腐病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发有很好的抑制作用，可用于该病害的防治。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study was carried out to determine the pathogen and biological characteristics of coconut fruit rot, and to provide theoretical basis for storage, transportation and disease prevention of coconut fruit.【Method】The pathogenicity of the pure culture from the diseased fruit with dilution-plate method was determined by single spore isolation method, and the pathogen was identified based on morphological and molecular biological methods, and the biological characteristics were studied.【Result】The pathogen causing fruit rot on Cocos nucifera was Thielaviopsis paradoxa, which could infect Artocarpus heterophyllus, Saccharum officinarum, Manihot esculenta, Musa nana, Pachyrhizus erosus, Dracaena angustifolia, Mangifera indica and Ananas comosus. The optimum temperature of mycelia growth, spore production and spore germination of pathogen was 25 ℃ . The optimal pH of mycelia growth was 6, and the optimal pH of spore production and spore germination were 6 and 5, respectively. The best illumination conditions for mycelia growth and spore germination was light culture for 24 h, and the best illumination condition for spore production was dark culture for 24 h. The optimum carbon source for mycelia growth and spore production was gum arabic, while that for spore germination was starch. The optimum nitrogen source for mycelia growth, spore production and spore germination was yeast extract. The optimal media for mycelia growth, spore production and spore germination were PDA, PSA and OMA, respectively. Results of toxicity test of seven fungicides on T. paradoxa showed that Flusilazole·pyrazol had the best inhibitory effect on mycelia growth and spore germination, and EC50 was 0.005 mg/L and 3.657 mg/L, respectively.【Conclusion】Environmental factors have significant effects on mycelia growth, spore production and spore germination of T. paradoxa causing fruit rotten on C. nucifera. The optimal temperature for the occurrence of disease is 25 ℃ . Flusilazole·pyrazol can be used to control coconut fruit rot because of its excellent inhibition on mycelia growth and spore germination. |
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