文章摘要
阮兆英,袁文静,祁百福,黄少珍,杨泽柳,鲁长青.深圳地区优化施肥对油麦菜生长和肥料利用率的影响[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(5):57-63
查看全文    HTML 深圳地区优化施肥对油麦菜生长和肥料利用率的影响
Effect of Optimal Fertilization on the Growth and Fertilizer Utilization of Lactuca sativa in Shenzhen
  
DOI:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.05.008
中文关键词: 油麦菜  肥料贡献率  肥料利用率  农学利用率  经济效益
英文关键词: Lactuca sativa  fertilizer contribution rate  fertilizer utilization rate  agronomy utilization rate  economic benefit
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作者单位
阮兆英,袁文静,祁百福,黄少珍,杨泽柳,鲁长青 深圳市农业科技促进中心广东 深圳 518055 
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中文摘要:
      【目的】2020 年是化肥使用零增长的收官之年,为巩固化肥零增长的成果和验证肥料利用率达40% 以上的总目标,结合本中心的工作任务开展肥料减量增效的试验。【方法】以油麦菜为供试作物,基于测土配方施肥技术,试验设置无肥区、无氮区、无钾区、无磷区、配方肥区和常规施肥区 6 个处理,研究不同施肥处理对油麦菜生物量、肥料贡献率、肥料利用率以及施肥效益的影响。【结果】施肥可以显著提高油麦菜的产量,各施肥处理增产幅度为 81.89%~410.63%、肥料贡献率变幅为 40.71%~79.91%、农学利用率变幅为54.57~120.41 kg/kg。配方肥处理氮磷钾利用率分别为 43.52%、22.27% 和 57.54%,而常规施肥的氮磷钾利用率分别为 39.04%、7.47% 和 51.85%。从经济效益来看,各处理施肥收入为配方肥区>无磷区>常规施肥区>无钾区>无氮区。【结论】通过测土配方施肥技术优化肥料的施用,在确保作物产量的前提下,减少肥料使用量可以提高肥料的利用率,增加农民收入。
英文摘要:
      【Objective】2020 is the final year of zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers. In order to consolidate the results of zero growth in chemical fertilizer use and verify the overall goal of more than 40% fertilizer utilization, an experiment on reducing fertilizer use and increasing efficiency was carried out combined with work tasks of our Center.【Method】Taking Lactuca sativa as tested crop, the experiment set up 6 treatments: no fertilizer, no nitrogen, no potassium, no phosphorus, formula fertilizer and conventional fertilization, to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on biomass of L. sativa, fertilizer contribution rate, fertilizer utilization rate and fertilization effectiveness based on soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology.【Result】Fertilization could significantly increase the yield of L. sativa, and the yield increase ranges of different fertilization treatments varied from 81.89% to 410.63%. The variation ranges of fertilizer contribution rates of different fertilization treatments varied from 40.71% to 79.91%, and the variation ranges of agronomic utilization rates varied from 54.57 to 120.41 kg/kg. The utilization rates of N, P, and K of formula fertilizer treatment were 43.52%, 22.27% and 57.54%, respectively, while those of conventional fertilization treament were 39.04%, 7.47% and 51.85%. From the perspective of economic benefits, the incomes of different fertilization treatments were showed as: formula fertilizer > no phosphorus > conventional fertilization > no potassium > no nitrogen.【Conclusion】 Under the premise of ensuring crop yield, reducing the fertilizer application amount can increase the utilization rate of fertilizer and increase farmers’ income by optimizing the application of fertilizer through soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology.
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