| 侯宪文，李云霞，唐 超，邢楚明，符瑞益，李光义.4 种肥料对设施菜地土壤性质
和小白菜生长的影响[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(6):64-71 |
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4 种肥料对设施菜地土壤性质
和小白菜生长的影响 |
| Effects of Four Kinds of Fertilizers on Soil Properties and the Growth of Brassica chinensis L. in Vegetable Greenhouses |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.06.009 |
| 中文关键词: 小白菜 设施栽培 土壤改良 土壤性质 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词: Brassica chinensis L. facility cultivation soil improvement soil property yield and quality |
| 基金项目:海南省重点研发计划项目（ZDYF2019071）；中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项（1630042021002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】研究 4 种肥料施用后对设施菜地土壤性质、小白菜产量及品质的影响，为设施菜地土
壤的科学改良提供参考依据。【方法】以羊粪、生物有机肥、矿源腐植酸钾和酸化土壤调理剂为供试肥料，
研究其对设施菜地退化土壤 pH 值、EC 值、碱解氮含量，以及小白菜产量和品质的影响。【结果】施用羊粪
5 000、10 000 kg/hm2
，土壤 pH 值比常规施肥（CK）分别提高 0.58 和 0.81，土壤速效钾含量比 CK 分别提高
43.0% 和 78.2%，羊粪施用量增加 1 倍可显著提升土壤 EC 值和碱解氮含量；施用生物有机肥 3 000、6 000 kg/hm2，
土壤 pH 值比 CK 分别提高 0.71 和 0.81；施用矿源腐植酸钾 300 kg/hm2
+ 酸化土壤调理剂 1 200 kg/hm2
、矿源腐植
酸钾 600 kg/hm2
+ 酸化土壤调理剂 2 400 kg/hm2
，土壤 pH 值比 CK 分别提高 0.99 和 1.00，土壤 EC 值、碱解氮、
速效磷和速效钾含量随 “ 矿源腐植酸钾 + 酸化土壤调理剂 ” 施用量的增加而显著升高，而仅施用矿源腐植酸钾
对土壤基本性质无显著影响。施用羊粪的第 1 茬小白菜产量提高 33.7% 和 11.6%，硝酸盐含量降低 23.4% 和 8.3%；
施用 “ 矿源腐植酸钾 + 酸化土壤调理剂 ” 使小白菜 Vc 含量提高 66.6% 和 105.1%，但施用量增加对小白菜产量
和品质无明显提升效果。在种植第 2 茬小白菜时，4 种肥料对其影响不显著。【结论】设施菜地底肥施用羊粪或 “ 矿
源腐植酸钾 + 酸化土壤调理剂 ” 对土壤性质改善和蔬菜产量、品质提升效果显著，用量以羊粪 5 000 kg/hm2 或矿
源腐植酸钾 600 kg/hm2
+ 酸化土壤调理剂 2 400 kg/hm2 的组合为宜。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the effects of four kinds of fertilizers on soil properties
and Brassica chinensis L. yield and quality in vegetable greenhouses in order to provide reference basis for scientific
improvement of soil in vegetable greenhouses.【Method】Sheep manure, bio-organic fertilizer, mineral potassium humate and acidified soil conditioner were used as tested fertilizers and B. chinensis L. was used as tested crop. The effects
resulting from the four kinds of fertilizers on the pH value, EC value and contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen of soils in
vegetable greenhouses were studied. Meanwhile, the variations of B. chinensis L. yield and quality were studied.【Result】
The application of sheep manure with 5 000 kg/hm2
and 10 000 kg/hm2
increased the soil pH value by 0.58 and 0.81, and
increased the available potassium content by 43.0% and 78.2% respectively compared with conventional fertilization（CK）.
The EC value and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen contents of the soil increased significantly with the application of sheep manure
doubled. The application of bio-organic fertilizer with 3 000 kg/hm2
and 6 000 kg/hm2
increased the soil pH value by 0.71 and
0.81 respectively compared with CK. The application of “mineral potassium humate 300 kg/hm2
+ acidified soil conditioner
1 200 kg/hm2 ” and “mineral potassium humate 600 kg/hm2
+ acidified soil conditioner 2 400 kg/hm2 ” increased the soil pH
value by 0.99 and 1.00 respectively compared with CK. The EC value, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content, available phosphorus
content and available potassium content of the soil significantly rose with the increase of “mineral potassium humate + acidified
soil conditioner” application, but the only application of mineral potassium humate had no significant effect on soil basic
properties. The application of sheep manure increased the yield of the first crop of B. chinensis L. by 33.7% and 11.6%, and
reduced the nitrate content by 23.4% and 8.3%. The application of “mineral potassium humate + acidified soil conditioner”
significantly increased the Vc content in B. chinensis L. by 66.6% and 105.1%. The increase of fertilizer application had no
significant improvement on Brassica chinensis L. yield and quality, and the effects on which from the four kinds of fertilizers
were not significant in the second crop.【Conclusion】The application of sheep manure or “mineral potassium humate +
acidified soil conditioner” as base fertilizer in vegetable greenhouses has better effects on soil properties and B. chinensis L.
yield and quality. The suitable application amount is 5 000 kg/hm2
sheep manure or “600 kg/hm2
mineral potassium humate + 2
400 kg/hm2
acidified soil conditioner”. |
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