| 刘传光，周新桥，陈达刚，郭 洁，陈平丽，陈 可，李逸翔，陈友订.功能性水稻研究进展及前景展望[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(10):87-99 |
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功能性水稻研究进展及前景展望 |
| Progress and Prospect of Functional Rice Research |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.10.010 |
| 中文关键词: 功能性水稻 有色稻 低谷蛋白水稻 高抗性淀粉水稻 富微营养水稻 生物反应器 育种 |
| 英文关键词: functional rice colored rice low gluten rice high resistant starch rice micronutrient-rich rice bioreactor breeding |
| 基金项目:广东省自然科学基金（2021A1515012160）；广州市科技计划项目（201904010350）；广东省重点实验室运行费专项（2020B1212060047） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 功能性水稻的开发与推广应用，对改善我国以稻米为主食人群的营养与健康状况、促进我国农业
产业结构转变、提高农民种粮效益及助推乡村振兴具有重要意义。功能性水稻主要包括有色稻、低谷蛋白水稻、
高抗性淀粉水稻、富微营养水稻和药物制造生物反应器水稻等 5 大类。有色稻由于种子果皮积累花色素苷而呈
紫色或红褐色，有红米和黑米两大类，分别受 2 个和 3 个基因控制，是体弱者药食同源的重要滋补食品，国内
已育成一大批有色稻品种推广应用。低谷蛋白水稻由于稻米谷蛋白含量低，适于肾病患者作主粮使用，目前中
国和日本已育成多个品种用于商业化开发应用。高抗性淀粉水稻由于有部分淀粉无法被人体淀粉酶分解而不能
被肠道吸收，可降低糖尿病患者餐后血糖峰值，已成为糖尿病患者重要的主食，目前国内已育成多个品种推广
应用。富微营养水稻由于稻米特种维生素、有益微量元素等含量高而有益于不同缺素症患者治疗与保健，国内
外已育成以“黄金大米”为代表的多个富微营养水稻品种。药物制造生物反应器水稻利用水稻为药用重组蛋白、
多肽或其他生物活性物质生产平台，合成与提取目标功能成分物质，目前国内外都有成功报道，并已尝试进行
商业化开发应用。全球对功能性水稻的需求日益增大，功能性水稻研究具有广阔前景。功能性水稻育种未来将
从功能的单一型向复合型发展，由保健型向保健与辅助疗效相结合转变。多组学技术和常规育种相结合的方法，
不断挖掘与创制新种质以培育功能性水稻新品种，是功能性水稻研究的发展方向。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The development and application of available rice significantly improve public nutrition and health
status who feed on rice in China. Functional rice mainly includes colored rice, low gluten rice, high resistant starch rice,
micronutrient-rich rice, and drug manufacturing bioreactor rice. Colored rice is purple or reddish-brown due to the
accumulation of anthocyanins in the seed pericarp. There are two categories of red rice and black rice controlled by two and
three genes, respectively. It is a crucial nourishing food with the same medicine and food for the physically weak. So far,
a large number of colored rice varieties have been bred and planted in China. For instance, low gluten rice is suitable for kidney disease patients as daily consumption due to its low gluten content. At present, many varieties have been bred in China
and Japan for commercial development and application. High-resistant starch rice cannot be absorbed by the intestine because
some starch fails to be decomposed by human amylase. The peak value of postprandial blood glucose was subsequently declined
in people with diabetes. It has become an important staple food for people with diabetes. Due to the high content of particular
vitamins or beneficial trace elements in rice, micronutrient-rich rice is beneficial to the treatment and health care of patients
with different deficiency diseases. At home and abroad, micronutrient-rich rice varieties represented by "golden rice" have been
bred. Drug manufacturing bioreactor rice was used to produce pharmaceutical recombinant proteins, peptides, or other bioactive
substances to synthesize and extract target functional components. There are successful reports, commercial development, and
application that have been attempted in the world. The global demand for functional rice is increasing, and the research on
functional rice has broad prospects. In the future, functional rice breeding will probably change from single type to compound
type. Moreover, the critical point to this breeding also evolved from health care type to the combination of both health care and
auxiliary curative effect. In order to achieve successful breedings of new functional rice varieties, the combination of multiomics biotechnology and conventional breeding, continuous germplasm mining and innovation becomes the future direction of
functional rice research. |
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