| 刘 斌，苏穆清，王松标，武红霞，马小卫.芒果果实不同生长发育期矿质元素需求规律[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(11):49-55 |
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芒果果实不同生长发育期矿质元素需求规律 |
| Requirement Law of Mineral Elements in Mango at Different Fruit Development Stages |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.11.007 |
| 中文关键词: 芒果 果实 矿质营养 发育时期 需求规律 |
| 英文关键词: mango fruit mineral nutrient development stage requirement law |
| 基金项目:广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金（2019KJ108）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0202107） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】营养元素的合理供应是实现芒果优质高产的基础，研究芒果果实生长发育期大量元素和中微量元素的需求规律，确定芒果合理施肥时间和用量，为芒果的科学精准施肥提供依据。【方法】在攀枝花市仁和区芒果优势种植区选择盛果期的台农 1 号（15 年生）作为试验材料，研究果实发育成熟过程中整个果实矿质元素 N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn 含量及其积累量的变化规律。【结果】花后 7~77 d，N、K、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn 含量分别降低 59.55%、38.72%、39.75%、73.85%、82.49%、77.71% 和 49.50；花后77~105 d，各元素含量相对稳定或小幅降低。花后 7~35 d，果实 Ca 含量增加 56.85%，然后表现出下降趋势。整个果实生长发育期，果实 P 含量相对稳定。从幼果期至果实采摘期，果实中各营养元素积累量逐步增加。除 Mn外，其他元素均以果实快速膨大期（花后 35~77 d）吸收量为主，占总吸收量的 64.38%~74.94%。在整个果实生长发育期间，N/Ca、K/Ca 和 Mg/Ca 整体上均表现出降低趋势；花后 7~77 d K/P 比值先增加后下降。【结论】果实快速膨大期是芒果果实养分需求的最大期，也是补肥的关键期。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Balaced supply of mineral elements is of primary importance for the fruit yield and fruit quality of mango. The present research is to assess the uptake dynamics of macro- and micro-elements in mango at different fruit development stages and determine the proper fertilizer application time and application amount in order to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and precise fertilization of mango.【Method】15-year-old‘Tainong 1’trees at full fruit stage in the dominant planting area of Renhe District, Panzhihua City were selected as the experiment materials. The changes in contents and accumulation of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P）, potassium （K）, calcium （Ca）, magnesium （Mg）, copper （Cu）, zinc （Zn）, iron （Fe） and manganese （Mn） in whole fruit of ‘Tainong 1’ mango were measured during the fruit maturing process.【Result】Results showed that the contents of N, K, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn declined by 59.55%, 38.72%, 39.75%, 73.85%, 82.49% ,77.71% and 49.50%, respectively, from 7 to 77 days after full bloom （DAFB）, and the content of each element remained relatively stable or declined slightly. From 7 to 35 DAFB, the content of Ca increased by 56.85%, and then decreased progressively. P content remained relatively stable during the whole fruit developmental stage. The accumulation quantity of all nutrient elements increased gradually from young fruit stage to harvest period. The uptake amounts of all elements except for Mn were the greatest during the fruit quick expansion stage （35-77 DAFB）, accounting for 64.38%-74.94% of total uptake amount. The ratio of N/Ca, K/Ca and Mg/Ca showed a decreasing trend during the whole fruit developmental stage, while the K/P ratio increased from 7 to 77 DAFB and then decreased.【Conclusion】Quick expansion stage is a crucial period of nutrient uptake and fertilizer supplement for mango fruits. |
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