| 韦思亦，唐拴虎，黄 旭，吴永沛，李 苹，付弘婷，杜建军.双季稻早季直播与晚季再生施肥技术研究[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(11):56-64 |
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双季稻早季直播与晚季再生施肥技术研究 |
| Study on Direct Seeding in Early Season and Regenerative Fertilization in Late Season of Double Cropping Rice |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.11.008 |
| 中文关键词: 直播稻 再生稻 一次性施肥 促根促蘖液肥 产量 效益 |
| 英文关键词: direct seeding rice ratoon rice one-time fertilization liquid fertilizer for promoting root and tillering yield benefit |
| 基金项目:国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503123）；广东省农业资源环境共性关键技术创新团队建设任务（2021KJ118）；佛山市财政专项资金 -2019 年度共建广东农业科技示范市项目；广东省农业科学院学科团队建设项目（粤农科〔2016〕95 号） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】改传统的水稻双季种植为早季直播 + 晚季再生新型种植模式，通过应用早季直播稻一次性施肥技术与再生稻喷施促根促蘖液肥 2 项关键技术，拟解决再生稻穗数少、穗形小导致产量低的问题，实现产量与生产效益的提高。【方法】采用盆栽试验探讨一次性施肥对水稻根系、产量及其构成因素的影响，采用田间试验研究早季直播稻一次性施肥与再生稻喷施促根促蘖液肥对两季水稻产量、再生稻发育以及整体效益的影响。【结果】一次性施肥的水稻分蘖早、分蘖数略高于分次施肥，增加了水稻成穗数，且有利于培育水稻庞大根系。一次性施肥处理的水稻产量比等养分的分次施肥处理依次增产 3.7%、8.7% 和 31.3%，说明一次性施肥方式增产显著。一次性施用 600、750 kg/hm2 控释肥处理并结合喷施两种促根促蘖液肥，水稻穗数、穗粒数均高于对照，说明具有促穗增加穗粒数的效果，且促根促蘖液肥Ⅰ效果较好。3 种施肥量结合配施促根促蘖液肥处理的年效益均显著高于双季稻常规种植，其中，750、900 kg/hm2 控释肥处理结合促根促蘖液肥年效益分别提高6 859、8 291 元 /hm2。【结论】一次性施肥技术具有提高水稻产量的效果，促根促蘖液肥Ⅰ可有效增加水稻分蘖，双季稻早季直播稻采用一次性施肥技术、再生稻喷施促根促蘖液肥效益比常规种植能明显提高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The traditional double cropping of rice was replaced by the new planting mode of direct seeding in early season and regeneration in late season. Through the application of one-time fertilization technology for early season direct seeding rice and spraying liquid fertilizer for promoting root and tillering for ratoon rice, it is intended to solve the problems of low yield caused by less grains per panicle and small panicle shape of ratooning rice, and realize the increase of output and production benefit.【Method】Pot experiment was used to explore the effects of onetime fertilization on rice root system, yield and its components. Field experiment was used to study the effects of onetime fertilization of early season direct seeding rice and spraying root promoting and tillering promoting liquid fertilizer for ratooning rice on double cropping rice yield, ratooning rice development and overall benefit.【Result】The early tillering and the number of tillers of rice with one-time fertilization were slightly higher than those with two-time fertilization, which increased the panicle number of rice and was conducive to the cultivation of large root system of rice. The rice yield of one-time fertilization was 3.7%, 8.7% and 31.3% higher than that of the other treatments, which indicated that the onetime fertilization increased rice yield significantly. Under the condition of one-time application of 600 kg/hm2 and 750 kg/hm2 controlled release fertilizer combined with spraying of two kinds of liquid fertilizer to promote the root and tillering, the panicle number and grain number were higher than those of the control, indicating that it could promote panicle and increase the number of grains, and the effect of promoting root and tillering by fertilizer Ⅰ was better. The results showed that the annual benefit of the treatment of three fertilizer rates combined with root promoting and tillering promoting fertilizer was significantly higher than that of conventional cultivation of double cropping rice, among them, the annual benefits of 750 kg/hm2 and 900 kg/hm2 treatments combined with root promoting and tillering promoting fertilizer were increased by 6 859 yuan/hm2 and 8 291 yuan/hm2, respectively.【Conclusion】The technique of one-time fertilization has the effect of increasing rice yield. Liquid fertilizer Ⅰ for promoting root and tillering could increase tillering of rice effectively. Compared with the conventional planting, the benefit of early season direct seeding rice（double cropping rice）can be improved obviously by using one-time fertilization technology and spraying root promoting and tillering promoting fertilizer on ratooning rice. |
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