| 祁全梅，李秋荣.昆虫气味受体研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(1):11-120 |
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昆虫气味受体研究进展 |
| Research Progress of Insect Odorant Receptors |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.01.013 |
| 中文关键词: 昆虫 气味受体 寄主植物挥发物 性信息素 气味分子 |
| 英文关键词: insect odorant receptor host plant volatile sex pheromone odor molecule |
| 基金项目:青海省重大科技专项 (2019-NK-A11)；青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室 (2021-ZJ-Y08) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 昆虫的嗅觉是其行为感觉的一种重要信号输入来源，在昆虫的气味识别过程中有多种蛋白质参
与，它们在调控昆虫的取食、群集、交尾和产卵等一系列行为中起着重大作用，这些与昆虫嗅觉相关的蛋白主
要包括气味结合蛋白（Odorant-binding Proteins，OBPs）、化学感受蛋白（Chemosensory Proteins，CSPs）、气味
受体（Odorant Receptors，ORs）、离子型受体（Ionotropic Receptors，IRs）、感觉神经元膜蛋白（Sensory Neuron
Membrane Proteins，SNMPs）和气味降解酶（Odorant degrading enzyme）等。其中，气味受体是嗅觉系统中的关
键成员之一，具有识别气味分子并向下游传递嗅觉信号的重要作用，其介导的气味分子与嗅觉神经元树突上气
味受体的专一性结合是重要的嗅觉识别基础。气味受体主要分为两类：传统气味受体和非典型性气味受体，传
统气味受体具有识别气味分子的功能，在不同昆虫间的同源性较低；非典型性气味受体不能识别气味分子，它
与普通气味受体共表达，协助它们完成对气味分子的识别，在不同昆虫间非典型性气味受体的序列较为保守。
气味受体的功能验证主要采用培养细胞系法、电压钳技术和果蝇“空神经元”法，研究昆虫气味受体的功能可
为寻找气味配体，开发针对害虫的食物引诱剂和驱避剂、性诱剂以及聚集信息素等奠定理论基础。文章从气味
受体的鉴定与分类、结构、表达、系统进化关系以及功能等方面综述了国内外关于气味受体的研究进展，为昆
虫嗅觉机制的研究及害虫的预防和治理提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| For insects, olfaction is an important signal input source for their behavioral perception. There are
many kinds of proteins involved in the process of odor recognition, and they play a leading role in regulating feeding,
swarming, mating, oviposition and other behaviors of insects. These proteins include Odorant-binding Proteins (OBPs),
Chemosensory Proteins (CSPs), Odorant Receptors (ORs), Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), Sensory Neuron Membrane Proteins
(SNMPs) and Odorant Degrading Enzyme (ODE). Among them, ORs play a critical role in identifying odor molecules and
transmitting olfactory signals downstream. The specific combination of odorant molecule and dendrites of olfactory sensory
neurons (OSNs) mediated by odorant receptors is an important basis for olfactory recognition. Odorant receptors involves two types: conventional odorant receptors (ORs), and odorant receptor coreceptor (ORCO). ORs, a highly divergent family of
receptors, have the ability to recognize odor molecule, and the homology is lower between different insects. ORCO, a receptor
without odor sensitivity, co-expresses with ORs to recognize odor molecule, and its sequence is remarkably conserved among
insect species. Cell line culture, voltage clamp technique and drosophila“empty neuron”method were used to verify the
function of odor receptors. Research about odor receptors’function can lay a theoretical foundation for looking for odor
ligands, development of food attractants and repellents against pests, sex attractants and aggregation pheromones and so
on. This article reviews the research progress in identification and classification, structure, expression profile, phylogenetic
relationships and function of odorant receptors in the domestic and overseas, which provides reference for the research of
insect olfactory mechanism as well as the prevention and control of pests. |
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