| 樊 波，袁丽丽，史正军，蓝翠钰.不同配方基质理化性质对簕杜鹃营养生长的影响[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(5):27-35 |
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不同配方基质理化性质对簕杜鹃营养生长的影响 |
| Effects of Physicochemical Properties of Different Substrateson Vegetative Growth of Bougainvillea spectabilis |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.05.004 |
| 中文关键词: 簕杜鹃 营养生长 栽培基质 园林废弃物堆肥 生物炭 |
| 英文关键词: Bougainvillea spectabilis vegetative growth cultivation substrate green waste compost biochar |
| 基金项目:深圳市城管和综合执法局科研项目（202016，202018） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同配方基质对簕杜鹃营养生长的影响，为簕杜鹃种植提供适宜基质配方。
【方法】以簕杜鹃 水红和小叶紫 2 个品种为试材，将土壤、园林废弃物堆肥、泥炭、河沙、生物炭等 7 种原料
按不同体积比例混配进行栽培试验，测定株高、冠幅、主径、叶片叶绿素水平（SPAD 值）和叶片氮磷钾含量等
簕杜鹃营养生长关键形态指标和生理指标以及基质理化性质，并运用主成分分析法对基质配方进行综合评价，
筛选适宜簕杜鹃栽培的基质配方。【结果】簕杜鹃 2 个品种的株高在 T12 基质条件下增长值最大，水红和小叶
紫分别为 22.40、21.40 cm，显著高于其他处理；冠幅在 T12、T13 基质条件下增长值最大，水红和小叶紫分别为
25.20、23.45 cm 和 33.85、35.85 cm，显著高于其他处理；叶片 SPAD 值和氮含量在 T13、T15 基质条件下均最高，
显著高于其他处理。【结论】簕杜鹃在土壤∶堆肥∶泥炭∶河沙 =3 ∶ 3 ∶ 2 ∶ 2（T12）、土壤∶堆肥∶生物
炭 =3 ∶ 5 ∶ 2（T13）和土壤∶堆肥∶生物炭∶珍珠岩 =3 ∶ 4 ∶ 1 ∶ 2（T15）3 种基质配方条件下营养生长发
育较好，为最优基质配方，并证明园林废弃物堆肥可替代泥炭作为栽培基质主料，其适宜用量为 40%~50%；添
加 10%、20% 的园林废弃物生物炭作为簕杜鹃栽培基质材料应用效果显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study was performed to explore the effects of different substrate formulations on the growth
of Bougainvillea in order to provide suitable cultivation mediums for Bougainvillea.【Method】The two Bougainvillea
cultivars‘Miss Manila’and‘Sao Paulo’were planted and seven kinds of raw materials including natural soil, compost,
peat, sand, biochar, coconut coir and pearlite were mixed in different volume proportions to carry out cultivation experiment
to study the growth of Bougainvillea under fifteen formula treatments and a natural soil control, respectively. The plant
height, crown diameter, main, leaf SPAD values and NPK contents in leaf, and physical and chemical properties of
culture substrates were determined, then the substrate formulas were comprehensively evaluated by principal component
analysis, and the suitable cultivation mediums for the Bougainvillea was selected.【Result】The plant height increases of Miss Manila and Sao Paulo under T12 were significantly higher than other treatments, which were 22.40 cm and 21.40 cm,
respectively. The crown width increases of‘Miss Manila’and‘Sao Paulo’under T13 and T15 were significantly
higher than other treatments, which was 25.20 cm, 23.45 cm and 33.85 cm, 35.85 cm, respectively. The SPAD and
N content in leaves of Miss Manila and Sao Paulo under T13 and T15 were significantly higher than other treatments.
【Conclusion】 The vegetative growth of Bougainvillea were well under T12 (soil ∶ compost ∶ peat ∶ river sand =
3 ∶ 3 ∶ 2 ∶ 2), T13 (soil ∶ compost ∶ biochar =3 ∶ 5 ∶ 2) and T15 (soil ∶ compost ∶ biochar ∶ perlite = ∶ 3 ∶ 4 ∶ 1 ∶ 2)
, which were the optimal substrate formulas for the cultivation of Bougainvillea. Also, it was proved that green waste compost
could substitute peat as the main substrate material, and the appropriate volume ratio was 40% to 50%. The addition of 10% and
20% of green waste biochar for cultivation of Bougainvillea showed significant effect. |
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