| 谭 纯，贾红菓，梅四鹏，王冰楠，孙 雪，罗 珊，周荣琼.渝西地区兔球虫病流行情况调查及虫种鉴定[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(5):118-124 |
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渝西地区兔球虫病流行情况调查及虫种鉴定 |
| Survey on Infection of Rabbit Coccidiosis and the SpeciesIdentification of Coccidia in Western Chongqing |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.05.014 |
| 中文关键词: 兔球虫病 流行病学 球虫鉴定 感染率 优势虫种 |
| 英文关键词: rabbit coccidiosis epidemiology coccidia identification infection rate dominant species |
| 基金项目:重庆自然科学基金（cstc2019jcyj-msxm2338）；中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目（XDJK2020RC001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】掌握渝西地区兔球虫病的流行情况和兔球虫种类，为该地区兔球虫病的防治提供依据。
【方法】采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特氏计数法检测渝西荣昌、永川、大足等 8 个区 14 个兔场共 1 273 份
粪样本，并收集卵囊，鉴定兔球虫种类。【结果】发现 14 个兔场均有感染球虫，平均感染率为 90.65%，璧山
和江津的感染率最高，为 100%，2 月龄以下兔感染率极显著高于 2~4 月龄、4~9 月龄及 9 月龄以上年龄段兔，
感染率为 98.19%。小型养殖场兔球虫感染率极显著低于大型规模化养殖场，感染率为 86.53%。8 个区的克粪便
虫卵数（Oocysts Per Gram，OPG）为 9.65×103
~6.56×104
，其中 2~4 月龄 OPG 最高、为 6.31×104
。对药物使
用情况调查显示，未使用球虫药养殖场的感染率为 92.31%，OPG 为 4.42×104
； 使用球虫药养殖场的感染率为
89.19%，OPG 为 2.75×104
。在 14 个兔场共鉴定了 10 种艾美耳球虫，其中优势虫种为穿孔艾美耳球虫（Eimeria
perforans）、大型艾美耳球虫（E. magna）、盲肠艾美耳球虫（E. coecicola）和中型艾美耳球虫（E. media），
检出率分别为 25.20%、23.38%、11.96%、10.02%。【结论】渝西地区普遍感染兔球虫，且多为混合感染，因此
应加强该地区兔球虫病的防治。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study was carried out to understand the infection of rabbit coccidiosis and the
species of coccidia, which provided a basis for the prevention and control of rabbit coccidiosis in western Chongqing.
【Method】A total of 1273 samples from 14 rabbit farms in 8 regions (including Rongchang, Yongchuan, Dazu etc.) in
western Chongqing were examined by using the flotation technique with saturated salt solution and McMaster’s method,
and the oocysts were collected to identify the species of coccidia【Result】There were coccidia infections in all the 14
rabbit farms, in which the mean infection rate was 90.65%, and both the highest infection rates in Bishan and Jiangjin
regions were 100%. The infection rate of rabbits less than 2 months of age was significantly higher than that of rabbits at
other ages including 2-4 months, 4-9 months and more than 9 months, with an infection rate of 98.19%. The infection rate of
rabbit coccidia in small-scale farms was significantly lower than that in large-scale farms, with an infection rate of 86.53%.
The number of oocysts per gram (OPG) of the eight regions ranged from 9.65×103
to 6.56×104
, and the highest OPG of rabbits at age of 2-4 months was 6.31×104
. According to a survey on the medicine use situation, the infection rate and OPG of
farms without taking coccidial drugs were 92.31% and 4.42×104
, while the infection rate and OPG of farms taking coccidial
drugs were 89.19% and was 2.75×104
. In total, 10 species of Eimeria were identified in 14 rabbit farms and the dominant
species were E. perforans, E. magna, E. coecicola and E. media with detection rates of 25.20%, 23.38%, 11.96% and 10.02%,
respectively.【Conclusion】Coccidia infection in rabbits is common in western Chongqing, most of which are mixed infections.
Therefore, the prevention and control of rabbit coccidiosis should be strengthened in this area. |
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