土地利用变动视角下农业生态系统能值发展探析——以陕西大荔为例

杨世成; 吴永常; 陈学渊; 韩晓静; 鱼　坤

文章摘要

杨世成，吴永常，陈学渊，韩晓静，鱼　坤.土地利用变动视角下农业生态系统能值发展探析——以陕西大荔为例[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(6):155-168

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Study on Emergy Development of Agro-ecosystemfrom the Perspective of Land Use Changes—Taking Dali County of Shaanxi Province as An Example

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.06.019

中文关键词: 黄河流域土地利用农业生态系统能值分析高质量发展新能值转换率

英文关键词: Yellow River basin land use agro-ecosystem emergy analysis high-quality development new emergy conversion rate

基金项目:中国农业科学院科技创新工程（ASTIP-IAED-2022-07）；国家自然科学基金（41601603）；中国农业科学院基本科研业务费项目（1610052022014）

作者	单位
杨世成，吴永常，陈学渊，韩晓静，鱼　坤

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中文摘要:

【目的】推动黄河流域县域农业高质量发展，加深对农业投入产出的认识，改善农业资源约束日益紧张、农业生态环境日益恶化问题，并提出优化设计的发展思路和对策。【方法】通过土地利用转移矩阵分析陕西大荔县土地利用变化情况，然后采用能值分析 (EMA) 法并构建指标体系，定义和计算若干个基于能值流的指数，表征和度量 2014、2019 年农业生态系统的运行特征以及发展可持续性，定量分析评价农业生态系统各类投入及产出能值，确定制约其可持续发展的关键因素。【结果】大荔县土地利用规划目标年 2019 年与基期年 2014 年相比，农业生态系统的能值自给率由 18% 降为 13%、净能值产出率由 2.10 降为 1.27、可持续发展指数由 0.90 降为 0.35，能值投资率由 4.51 升至 6.71、环境负载率由 2.33 升至 3.61、能值密度由 1.93×1012 sej/m2 升至 2.69×1012 sej/m2 、人均能值用量由 1.03×1016 sej/ 人升至 1.41×1016 sej/ 人。与 2014 年相比，2019 年大荔县林地、人造地、水体面积分别减少 5.75%、0.60%、60.06%，草地、耕地、湿地面积分别增加 19.80%、1.44%、21.15%。【结论】土地利用变化不是影响农业能值产出变化的主要因素，大荔县农业整体发展水平提高的同时农业生产成本也在提高，农业现代化进程较为快速，为消费型经济系统。以农药、柴油和化肥为代表的不可更新工业辅助能值投入大量增加，增大了对农业生态环境的压力。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The study was conducted to promote the high-quality development of agriculture at county level in the Yellow River basin, deepen the understanding of agricultural inputs and outputs, and improve the increasingly tight constraints on agricultural resources and the deterioration of agricultural ecological environment, and to propose optimized development ideas and countermeasures.【Method】The land use changes of Dali County, Shannxi Province were analyzed by the land use transfer matrix, then the emergy analysis (EMA) method was used and an index system was constructed, several indexes based on the emergy flow were defined and calculated, the operational characteristics of agroecosystems in 2014 and 2019 and the sustainability of development were characterized and measured, the emergy values of inputs and outputs in agro-ecosystems were quantitatively analyzed and evaluated output emergy, then the key factors that constrain the sustainable development of agro-ecosystems were identified.【Result】Compared with the base period of 2014, the emergy self-sufficiency rate of the agro-ecosystem in 2019 (year of land use planning) decreased from 18% to 13%, and the net emergy output rate decreased from 2.10 to 1.27, the sustainability index decreased from 0.90 to 0.35, the emergy value investment rate increased from 4.51 to 6.71, the environmental load rate increased from 2.33 to 3.61, the emergy value density from 1.93×1012 sej/m2 to 2.69×1012 sej/m2 , and the emergy consumption per capita from 1.03×1016 sej/person to 1.41×1016 sej/person. In 2019, compared with 2014, the area of forest land, artificial land and water bodies decreased by 5.75%, 0.60% and 60.06% respectively, and the area of grassland, cultivated land and wetland increased by 19.80%, 1.44% and 21.15%, respectively.【Conclusion】Land use change is not the main factor influencing the change of agricultural output emergy, the overall development level of agriculture in Dali County is also increasing while the costs of agricultural production are also increasing, and the process of agricultural modernization is relatively rapid, which is a consumer-oriented economic system. The investment in non-renewable industrial auxiliary energy values represented by pesticides, diesel and chemical fertilizers has increased significantly, increasing the pressure on the agricultural ecological environment.

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