| 邹冬梅，范. 琼.世界香蕉生产、贸易现状与产业展望[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(7):131-140 |
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世界香蕉生产、贸易现状与产业展望 |
| Present Situation of Globle Banana Production and Trade and Prospect for Banana Industry |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.07.017 |
| 中文关键词: 香蕉 主产国 生产 贸易 质量安全 |
| 英文关键词: banana main producing countries production trade quality safety |
| 基金项目:海南省重点研发计划项目（ZDYF2017060）；中央级科研单位基本科研业务费项目（1630082022001，1630082016002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 香蕉是热带亚热带地区重要的经济作物和粮食作物，是世界鲜果中产量、贸易量和贸易额最大的
水果。香蕉产业的可持续发展对于促进我国热区乡村振兴乃至世界热区农业经济发展具有重要意义。香蕉主产
国和出口国主要集中在亚洲和美洲。2020 年世界香蕉收获面积和产量分别为 520.35 万 hm2
、11 983.37 万 t，比
2001 年分别增长 24.58%、72.57%，主要生产国为印度、中国、印度尼西亚、巴西和厄瓜多尔。目前，世界约有
200 个国家或地区进口香蕉，2020 年世界香蕉进口量和进口额分别为 2 337.61 万 t、156.07 亿美元，比 2001 年
分别增长 71.42%、165.06%，主要进口国为美国、中国、俄罗斯、德国和芬兰。2020 年世界香蕉出口量和出口
额分别为 2 449.70 万 t、133. 56 亿美元，比 2001 年分别增长 67.93%、218.03%，主要出口国为厄瓜多尔、哥斯
达黎加、危地马拉、哥伦比亚和菲律宾。我国是世界第二大香蕉生产国和进口国，2020 年香蕉产量和进口量分
别为 1 187.26 万 t 和 181.92 万 t，分别占世界的 9.91% 和 7.78%。根据联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）的香蕉生
产贸易数据预测，世界香蕉产量和贸易量呈稳步增长趋势，预计 2030 年世界香蕉产量、进口量和出口量将分别
达 15 964.48 万 t、3 105.14 万 t 和 3 219.41 万 t，比 2020 年分别增长 33.22%、32.83% 和 31.42%。同时，世界香
蕉产业正面临全球气候变化以及香蕉枯萎病和香蕉种植地土壤酸化等挑战，开展抗病抗逆高产香蕉品种育种合
作，加强绿色优质高效香蕉生产技术联合研发，将有助于香蕉产业可持续发展，并促进香蕉质量安全和世界粮
食安全。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Banana is an important economic crop and food crop in tropical and subtropical regions, and it is a fruit
with the largest production, trade volume and trade value among the fresh fruits in the world. The sustainable development
of banana industry is of great significance to promote the rural revitalization in China and even the agricultural economic development in the tropical areas of the world. The main banana producing and exporting countries are mainly concentrated
in Asia and America. In 2020, the harvest area and production of bananas in the world were 5.2035 million hm2
and 119.8337
million tons respectively, which increased by 24.58% and 72.57% respectively compared to 2001. The main producing
countries were India, China, Indonesia, Brazil and Ecuador. At present, there are about 200 countries or regions importing
bananas in the world. In 2020, the import value and import quantity of bananas in the world were 23. 3761 million tons and
15.607 billion USD respectively, increasing by 71.42% and 165.06% respectively compared with 2001. The main importing
countries were the United States, China, Russia, Germany and Finland. In 2020, the export volume and value of bananas in the
world were 24.497 million tons and 13.356 billion USD respectively, increasing by 67.93% and 218.03% respectively compared
with 2001. The main exporting countries were Ecuador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Colombia and the Philippines. China is the
second largest banana producer and importer in the world. In 2020, the production and import volume of bananas were 11.8726
million tons and 1.8192 million tons respectively, accounting for 9.91% and 7.78% of the world respectively. According to the
forecast of banana production and trade data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the banana
production and trade volume in the world show a steady growth trend. And it is predicted that the banana production, import
and export volume in the world will reach 159.6448 million tons, 31.0514 million tons and 32.1941 million tons respectively
in 2030, increasing by 33.22%, 32.83% and 31.42% respectively compared with 2020. At the same time, the world banana
industry is facing challenges such as global climate change, banana wilt and soil acidification in banana planting areas. Carrying
out breeding cooperation of banana varieties with disease resistance, stress resistance and high yield, and strengthening joint
research and development of green, high-quality and efficient banana production technology will contribute to the sustainable
development of banana industry and promote the quality safety of bananas and food security in the world. |
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