广东花生果腐病病原菌鉴定及药剂筛选试验

邢珏珺 1; 许毓钊 2; 3; 苏钰彤 2; 3; 魏欣莹 2; 4; 江海琪 2; 3; 喻国辉 2; 3; 尹　艳 5

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邢珏珺 1 ，许毓钊 2,3，苏钰彤 2,3，魏欣莹 2,4，江海琪 2,3，喻国辉 2,3，尹　艳 5.广东花生果腐病病原菌鉴定及药剂筛选试验[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(8):73-80

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Identification of Peanut Pod Rot Pathogens in GuangdongProvince and Screening of Fungicides

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.08.009

中文关键词: 花生果腐病尖孢镰刀菌茄病镰刀菌 ITS 序列杀菌剂药剂敏感性

英文关键词: peanut peanut pod rot Fusarium oxysporum Fusairum sonali ITS sequences fungicide fungicide sensitivity

基金项目:广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目（2019KJ136-06，2020KJ136-06，2021KJ136-06）

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邢珏珺 1 ，许毓钊 2,3，苏钰彤 2,3，魏欣莹 2,4，江海琪 2,3，喻国辉 2,3，尹　艳 5

1. 仲恺农业工程学院实验与设备处，广东广州　510225； 2. 仲恺农业工程学院植物健康创新研究院 / 农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室 / 广东省普通高校果蔬病虫害绿色防控重点实验室，广东广州　510225； 3. 仲恺农业工程学院农业与生物学院，广东广州　510225； 4. 仲恺农业工程学院资源与环境学院，广东广州　510225； 5. 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所，广东广州　510640

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中文摘要:

【目的】鉴定广东花生果腐病病原菌类型并筛选有效的杀菌剂种类，为生产上防控该病害提供参考。【方法】采用组织分离法从大田采集的患病花生果荚中分离获得果腐病的真菌纯培养物，回接验证分离菌株的致病性后确认其病原，通过克隆菌株的 ITS 序列并进行系统发育分析鉴定病原菌种类。采用菌丝生长速率法测定 40% 福美双水悬浮剂、98% 噁霉灵可溶性粉剂、24% 井冈霉素 A 水剂、10% 苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和 10% 多抗霉素可湿性粉剂对该病原菌的抑菌效果。【结果】从韶关采集的花生果腐病样本中分离获得 2 株病原真菌，回接后均可以引起花生果荚腐烂，严重时导致果仁腐烂。基于菌株 ITS 序列的系统发育分析显示病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxyspourm）和茄病镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）。供试杀菌剂中 40% 福美双悬浮剂对 2 种病原真菌的抑菌效果最好，EC50 分别为 0.001 mg/L 和 0.021 mg/L，其次是噁霉灵，EC50 分别为 0.296 mg/L 和 0.217 mg/L，井冈霉素 A 的 EC50 分别为 20.575 mg/L 和 11.185 mg/L，苯醚甲环唑和多抗霉素对 2 株病原真菌没有抑菌效果。【结论】广东韶关地区花生果腐病主要由镰刀菌复合感染引起，以茄病镰刀菌为主，病原菌对福美双和噁霉灵敏感，生产上可以考虑使用这两种杀菌剂防控。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The study was conducted to identify the pathogenic types of peanut pot rot in Guangdong and screen effective fungicides in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of the disease in production. 【Method】The pure fungal cultures of fruit rot were isolated from the diseased peanut pods collected in fields by tissue isolation method, the pathogens were confirmed after the pathogenicity of the isolated strains were verified by back inoculation, and the pathogenic types were identified by cloning the strain’s ITS sequence and phylogenetic analysis. The tissue samples were used to isolate fungi from rotted peanut pods. The pathogenicity of all isolates were tested based on Koch’s rule, and then identified by ITS sequences analysis. The inhibition effect of 40% thiram WS, 98% hymexazol SP, 24% Jinggangmycin A AS, 10% difenoconazole WDG and 10% polyoxins WP against the peanut pod rot pathogens were determined by mycelia growth rate method. The EC50 values of different fungicides were analysed.【Result】Two pathogenic fungi were isolated from the peanut pod rot samples collected in Shaoguan. Both of them could cause peanut pod rot and even kernel rot after back inoculation. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences showed that the pathogens belonged to Fusarium oxyspourm and Fusarium solani. The inhibitory effect of 40% thiram WS was higher than other fungicides, and the EC50 value on F. oxyspourm and F. solani were 0.001 mg/L and 0.021 mg/L, respectively. The EC50 value of 98% hymexazol SP on two Fusairum strains were 0.296 mg/L and 0.217 mg/L, respectively. The EC50 value of 24% Jinggangmycin A AS on two Fusairum strains were 20.575 mg/L and 11.185 mg/L, respectively. 10% difenoconazole WDG and 10% polyoxins WP had no inhibitory effect on the two Fusarium pathogen strains.【Conclusion】Peanut pod rot in Guangdon is mainly caused by Fusarium co-infection, and F. solani is the main pathogen. The two strains F. oxyspourm and F. solani are both sensitive to thiram and hymexazol, which can be used as fungicides for the prevention in production.

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