| 邓 梅 1,3，黄晚华 2,3，汪天颖 2
，李 晶 2.基于新型超声波稻田蒸散仪晚稻蒸散量的特征分析[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(8):137-144 |
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基于新型超声波稻田蒸散仪晚稻蒸散量的特征分析 |
| Analysis on Characteristics of Late Rice EvapotranspirationBased on a New Ultrasonic Paddy FieldEvapotranspiration Instrument |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.08.017 |
| 中文关键词: 新型稻田蒸散仪 超声波 蒸散量 晚稻 水量平衡法 |
| 英文关键词: new rice field evapotranspiration ultrasonic evapotranspiration late rice water balance method |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31571560） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1229 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】分析晚稻蒸散量日变化、日平均蒸散量、累积蒸散量和典型天气条件下蒸散量的特征，
探讨新型稻田蒸散仪的实际可应性。【方法】采用新型超声波蒸散仪，基于水量平衡法，以双季晚稻为研究对象，
测定 2017—2019 年的晚稻蒸散量。【结果】新型超声波蒸散仪仪数据实采率、有效数据获取率均在 93% 以上，
测定精度可达 0.2 mm，数据稳定性方面可以保证大田观测数据的可用性；分析双季晚稻不同时间尺度的蒸散量
发现，晚稻全生育期内的蒸散量约 466 mm，其中分蘖期的累积蒸散量最大、约 135 mm，拔节 - 抽穗期的平均
蒸散量最大、为 5.4 mm/d，表明晚稻在分蘖期和拔节 - 抽穗期需水量最大；典型天气（雨天除外）晚稻蒸散量
日变化均表现为“Ω”型，以晴天的蒸散曲线峰值最大、为 1.3 mm/h，通过拟合的 R2 和 P 值看，晴天、多云和
阴天蒸散量均呈六阶曲线分布。【结论】开展新型蒸散仪测定田间水稻蒸散量特征值的研究，研讨其适用性，
可以为推广使用低成本、高精度、便捷的新型稻田蒸散量测定仪提供重要参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The diurnal variation, daily average evapotranspiration and cumulative evapotranspiration of
late rice were analyzed. Based on the characteristics of evapotranspiration under typical weather conditions, the practical
applicability of the new paddy evapotranspiration instrument was discussed.【Method】With the double-cropping late
rice as research object, based on the water balance method, the evapotranspiration of late rice in 2017-2019 was measured
by using a new type of ultrasonic evapotranspiration instrument.【Result】The actual data collection rate and effective
data acquisition rate of the new ultrasonic evapotranspiration instrument are above 93%, and the measurement accuracy can reach 0.2 mm, which can ensure the availability of field observation data in terms of data stability. Based on the analysis
of the evapotranspiration of double-cropping late rice on different time scales, it is found that the evapotranspiration of late
rice in the whole growth period is about 466 mm, among which the accumulated evapotranspiration in the tillering stage is the
highest, about 135 mm, and the average evapotranspiration in the jointing-heading stage of late rice is the highest, which is
5.4 mm/d, indicating that late rice requires the most water at the tillering and jointing-heading stages. Under typical weather
conditions (except rainy days), the diurnal variation of late rice evapotranspiration is in a “Ω” type, and the peak value
of the evapotranspiration curve on sunny days is the largest, which is 1.3 mm/h. According to the fitted R2
and p values,
the evapotranspiration on sunny day, partly cloudy day and cloudy day conditions is distributed as a sixth-order curve.
【Conclusion】The research on the eigenvalues of rice evapotranspiration measured by the new type of evapotranspiration
instrument and its applicability can provide an important reference for promoting the use of low-cost, high-precision and
convenient new type of rice field evapotranspiration measuring instrument. |
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