| 孙丽丽1
，黎婉玲 1
，张 纯 2
，顾文杰 1,3，李雅莹 1
，卢钰升 1
，姜礼尧 1
，王 丹 1.甲咪唑烟酸对水稻田土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(10):87-95 |
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甲咪唑烟酸对水稻田土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响 |
| Effects of Imazapic on Soil Microbial Communities and Soil Enzyme Activities in Paddy Fields |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.10.010 |
| 中文关键词: 甲咪唑烟酸 除草剂耐受菌 土壤酶活 水稻土 除草方式 |
| 英文关键词: imazapic herbicide-resistant microorganism soil enzyme activity paddy soil weeding method |
| 基金项目:广东省科技计划项目（2019B121201003，2021B1212050022）；广州市科技计划项目 (201904010262，202002020075)；广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目 (202121TD)；广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金（高水平农科院建设）- 人才项目 (R2019PY-QF010） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】监测除草剂甲咪唑烟酸对稻田土壤可培养微生物数量、除草剂耐受菌数量及土壤酶活性
的影响，为施用除草剂对农田土壤生态的影响提供参考依据。【方法】采用平板计数法监测水直播和旱直播模
式稻田土壤可培养微生物及除草剂耐受菌数量。土壤脲酶活性采用苯酚钠 - 次氯酸钠比色法测定，土壤磷酸酶
活性采用磷酸苯二钠比色法测定，过氧化物酶活性采用邻苯三酚 - 乙醚提取法测定，土壤过氧化氢酶活性采用
高锰酸钾滴定法测定。【结果】在种植一茬水稻后，水直播模式甲咪唑烟酸除草处理土壤过氧化物酶活性显著
提升 30%，旱直播模式甲咪唑烟酸除草处理脲酶活性显著提升 136.2%，酸性磷酸酶活性显著提升 9.6%。两种直
播模式甲咪唑烟酸除草处理较人工除草处理真菌总数差异不显著。水直播模式甲咪唑烟酸处理细菌总数及除草
剂耐受细菌数量分别下降 28.7%、29.5%，放线菌总数下降 2 4.2%，除草剂耐受放线菌数量下降 40.7%；旱直播
模式甲咪唑烟酸处理对细菌影响不大，放线菌总数下降 26.7%，除草剂耐受放线菌数量下降 45.9%。【结论】水
直播模式施用甲咪唑烟酸能够有效提升稻田土壤过氧化物酶活性，旱直播模式施用甲咪唑烟酸能够有效提升土
壤酸性磷酸酶和脲酶的活性。水直播模式施用甲咪唑烟酸会抑制土壤细菌的生长；无论是水直播模式还是旱直
播模式，施用甲咪唑烟酸都会抑制土壤放线菌的生长。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study was conducted to monitor the effects of imazapic on the number of culturable
microorganisms, the number of herbicide-resistant microorganisms and soil enzyme activities of rice fields in Guangdong
area, aiming to provide a reference basis for the effects of herbicide application on soil ecology in agricultural fields.
【Method】The number of culturable microorganisms and herbicide-resistant bacteria in paddy field soil under water directseeding and dry direct-seeding modes were monitored by plate counting method. Activities of soil urease, phosphatase,
peroxidase and peroxidase were determined by sodium phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method, sodium phosphate
colorimetric method, o-phenylene triol-ether extraction method and potassium permanganate titration method. 【Result】After
planting one crop of rice, the application of imazapic enhanced soil peroxidase activity significantly by 30% under water directseeding mode, and increasing soil acid phosphatase and urease enzyme activities significantly by 136.2% and 9.6% respectively
under dry direct-seeding mode. Under both direct-seeding modes, the imazapic had no significant influence on the number of
culturable fungi. However, under water direct-seeding mode, the number of bacteria and imazapic-tolerant bacteria decreased
by 28.7% and 29.5%, respectively. The total number of actinomycetes and imazapic-resistant actinomycetes decreased by
24.2% and 40.7%, respectively. Under the dry direct-seeding mode, imazapic treatment had little effect on bacteria. The
total number of actinomycetes decreased by 26.7%, and the number of herbicide-tolerant actinomycetes decreased by 45.9%.
【Conclusion】The application of imazapic was effective in enhancing soil peroxidase activity under water direct-seeding
mode, and enhancing the enzyme activities of soil acid phosphatase and urease under dry direct-seeding mode. Compared with
manual weeding treatments, application of imazapic under water direct-seeding mode inhibited the growth of soil bacteria, and
the application of herbicide inhibited the growth of soil actinomycetes under both water- and dry direct-seeding modes. |
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