| 邝瑞彬，杨 敏，周陈平，杨 护，黄炳雄，魏岳荣.7 种生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病菌的抑菌效果试验[J].广东农业科学,2022,49(10):104-111 |
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7 种生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病菌的抑菌效果试验 |
| Antifungal Effects of Seven Biological Fungicides Against the Pathogen Causing Stem Rot Disease in Passion Fruits |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2022.10.012 |
| 中文关键词: 百香果 茎基腐病 生物药剂 毒力 抑菌 |
| 英文关键词: passion fruit stem rot disease biological fungicides toxicity fungi inhibition |
| 基金项目:广东省现代农业产业技术体系优稀水果产业创新团队建设项目（2021KJ116）；广州市农村科技特派员项目（GDKTP202012） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】明确 7 种生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病的防治效果，筛选高效安全生物药剂用于指导百
香果生产。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法测定 7 种生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病菌的毒力效果，观察药剂对病原
菌孢子生长及形态的影响，并用离体接种法测定药剂的防治效果。【结果】7 种生物药剂处理对菌落生长均有
抑制作用，但对孢子的生长和形态的效果不同。室内毒力测试结果显示植物源药剂中抑菌效果最佳为井冈霉素
（EC50 为 7.79 mg/L），其次为春雷霉素（EC50 为 26.35 mg/L）、乙蒜素（EC50 为 28.65 mg/L）、苦参碱（EC50 为
339.13 mg/L）和多抗霉素（EC50 为 1 150.29 mg/L）。微生物药剂以枯草芽孢杆菌效果较好，EC50 为 3.2×106
CFU/g。
筛选毒力较强的 4 种生物药剂均可抑制百香果茎基腐病不同菌株生长。离体试验和田间防效试验表明井冈霉素
和枯草芽孢杆菌生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病防治效果显著，两者的离体防效分别为 58.8% 和 70.6%，田间防治
效果则达到 53.7% 和 61.3%。【结论】针对百香果茎基腐病，筛选出枯草芽孢杆菌、井冈霉素两种抑菌效果最
佳的生物药剂，可作为化学防治方法的替代或有效补充进行推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】In order to screen safe and effective fungicides to provide guidance for passion fruit
production, seven biological fungicides were used as materials to study their control effects on the pathogen causing stem rot
disease in passion fruits.【Method】Seven botanical and microbiological fungicides were used to determine their toxicity
effects on the pathogen causing stem rot disease in passion fruits by mycelium growth rate method, the effects of fungicides
on mycelium growth and spore morphology were observed, and their control effects were tested by in vivo inoculation method.
【Result】All the selected fungicides showed inhibition effects on mycelium growth but had different effects on spore growth
and morphology. Based on the indoor toxicity test results, among the botanical fungicides, Jinggangmycin showed the best inhibition effect with an EC50 of 7.79 mg/L, followed by Chunleimycin, ethylallicin and matrine, with the EC50 of 26.35 mg/L,
28.65 mg/L and 339.13 mg/L, respectively. Polyxins showed the lowest effect with an EC50 of 1 150.29 mg/L. Microbiological
fungicide of Bacillus subtilis showed better effect than Trichoderma harzianum, with an EC50 of 3.2×106
CFU/g. The four
screened fungicides of Jinggangmycin, Chunleimycin, ethylallicin and B. subtilis showed antifungal effects on different strains of
fusarium pathogen. The in vivo inoculation test and field test showed that Jinggangmycin and B. subtilis had remarkable control
effects on the pathogen causing stem rot disease in passion fruits, with in vivo inoculation control efficacy of 58.8% and 70.6%,
respectively, and field control efficacy of 53.7% and 61.3%, respectively.【Conclusion】Two biological fungicides of B. subtilis
and Jinggangmycin were screened out for their optimal control effects on the stem rot disease in passion fruits. It can provide
alternatives or effective supplements for chemical fungicides for the control of stem rot disease, which could be promoted and
applied. |
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