施氮量对四川茄芯雪茄烟产质量的影响

袁新宇 1; 2; 樊红柱 2; 陈 勇3; 张 潇 2; 雷云康 3; 李富程 1; 陈利平 3; 冯文强 4

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袁新宇 1，2，樊红柱 2，陈勇3，张潇 2，雷云康 3，李富程 1，陈利平 3，冯文强 4.施氮量对四川茄芯雪茄烟产质量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(3):22-29

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Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Quality of Cigar Filler in Sichuan

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.03.003

中文关键词: 施氮量四川雪茄烟产量品质

英文关键词: nitrogen application rate Sichuan cigar yield quality

基金项目:中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目（SCYC202122）

作者	单位
袁新宇 1，2，樊红柱 2，陈勇3，张潇 2，雷云康 3，李富程 1，陈利平 3，冯文强 4	1. 西南科技大学环境与资源学院，四川绵阳 621010；2. 四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，四川成都 610066；3. 四川省烟草公司德阳市公司，四川德阳 618300；4. 中国烟草总公司四川省公司，四川成都 610041

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中文摘要:

【目的】探讨氮肥用量对茄芯雪茄烟生长发育、产量、产值和质量的影响，为四川什邡雪茄烟种植合理施用氮肥提供依据。【方法】以‘德雪三号’（茄芯雪茄烟）为材料，采用大田试验，分析不同施氮量（0、60、120、150、180、240 kg/hm2，分别记为 N0、N60、N120、N150、N180 和 N240）处理下烟株农艺性状、产量、产值、物理品质和化学成分的变化特征。【结果】不同氮肥施用量对打顶期（移栽后 44 d）德雪三号茄芯雪茄烟各农艺性状指标影响较小。随施氮量增加，烟叶的产量和产值呈先快速增加，后产量缓慢增加、产值不增反降的变化趋势，施氮处理烟叶的产量和产值分别比 N0 处理显著提高 11.62%~57.62% 和 10.11%~45.83%，其中 N240 处理的烟叶产量最高为 2 737.18 kg/hm2，而 N180 处理的烟叶产值最高为 99 834.63 元 /hm2，均高于N150 处理的烟叶产量和产值，但处理间无显著差异。优质的 1 级和 2 级烟叶所占比例随施氮量增加呈先增后降的变化趋势，而劣质的 3 级和末级烟叶所占比例呈相反变化趋势，其中 N120 和 N150 处理的 1 级和 2 级烟叶所占比例最大，均达 80% 以上。雪茄烟叶物理品质和化学成分综合得分均随施氮量增加呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势，其中 N120 处理的烟叶物理品质和化学成分协调性相对较好，烟叶物理品质和化学成分综合得分均最高，分别为 8.58 和 7.58 分。【结论】适宜施氮量能够增加雪茄烟叶的产量和产值，提高优质烟叶所占比例，改善烟叶的物理品质、协调化学成分。综合考虑烟叶产量、产值和质量，四川什邡茄芯雪茄烟合理的氮肥用量为 120~150 kg/hm2。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The research aims to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rates on growth, yield, output value and quality of cigar in order to provide a basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in cigar filler planting in Shifang, Sichuan Province.【Method】With Dexue 3 (cigar filler) as material, the variation characteristics of agronomic characters, yield, output value, physical quality and chemical composition of tobacco plants under different nitrogen application rates (0, 60, 120, 150, 180 and 240 kg/hm2, which were recorded as N0, N60, N120, N150, N180 and N240, respectively) were analyzed by field experiment.【Result】Nitrogen application rate had little effect on agronomic character indexes of cigar at topping stage (44 days after transplanting). With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the yield and output value of tobacco leaves increased rapidly at first, then the yield increased slowly, and the output value decreased instead of increasing. Compared with N0 treatment, the yield and output value of nitrogen treatment obviously increased by 11.62%-57.62% and 10.11%-45.83%, respectively. Among them, the highest yield of tobacco leaves under N240 treatment was 2 737.18 kg/hm2, while the highest output value of tobacco leaves under N180 treatment was 99 834.63 yuan/hm2, both higher than those under N150 treatment, but there was no significant difference between treatments. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the proportion of high-quality grade 1 and grade 2 tobacco leaves increased first and then decreased, while the proportion of lowquality grade 3 and lowest grade tobacco leaves presented an opposite trend, among which grade 1 and grade 2 tobacco leaves under N120 and N150 treatments accounted for the largest proportion, both reaching more than 80%. The comprehensive scores of physical quality and chemical composition of cigar leaves increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Among them, the coordination of physical quality and chemical composition of tobacco leaves treated with N120 was relatively better, and the comprehensive scores of physical quality and chemical composition of tobacco leaves were the highest, which were 8.58 and 7.58, respectively,【Conclusion】Suitable nitrogen application rate can increase the yield and output value of cigar tobacco, increase the proportion of high-quality tobacco, improve the physical quality of tobacco, and coordinate the chemical composition. Considering the yield, output value and quality of tobacco leaves, the reasonable nitrogen application rate of cigar filler in Shifang of Sichuan Province is 120-150 kg/hm2.

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