| 姜永华，刘海伦，严 倩，陈洁珍，史发超，文英杰，蔡长河，欧良喜.拉枝对仙进奉荔枝枝梢生长和成花坐果的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(3):30-38 |
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拉枝对仙进奉荔枝枝梢生长和成花坐果的影响 |
| Effect of Bending on Shoot Growth, Flowering and Fruiting of Xianjinfeng Litchi |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.03.004 |
| 中文关键词: 仙进奉 荔枝 拉枝 成花率 座果率 控梢促花 |
| 英文关键词: Xianjinfeng litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) shoot bending flowering rate fruit setting rate control shoot length and promote flower quality |
| 基金项目:广东省乡村振兴战略专项﹝ 403-2018-XMZC-0002-90（TS-1-3）﹞；国家现代农业产业技术体系专项（CARS-32-01）；广东省荔枝产业技术体系专项（2023-JK107-1）；国家科技资源共享服务平台项目（NHGR2023-NH17） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】仙进奉荔枝是近年推出的优质晚熟新品种，在中晚熟荔枝产区经济效益和社会效益显著，其高效丰产栽培技术有待研发。拉枝是一种重要的果树整形修剪手段，能有效削弱顶端优势，利于开花结果。探究不同拉枝处理对仙进奉荔枝的影响，为仙进奉荔枝拉枝技术的应用和稳产丰产技术建立提供参考。【方法】以 4 年生仙进奉荔枝为材料，设置直立（不拉枝，CK）、水平（90°）和下垂（110°）3 个处理，统计处理后枝梢生长量、成花率和座果率等指标。【结果】与直立处理（CK）相比，下垂和水平拉枝处理对第 1 次、第 2次梢营养生长影响有限，但能延迟第 3 次梢（末次秋梢）萌芽 7 d 以上，同时显著减少末次秋梢萌芽数目，且以下垂处理的抑制效果最强。末次秋梢老熟时，拉枝处理枝条直径略低于直立处理（CK），各处理间差异不显著；下垂和水平拉枝处理均可有效将末次秋梢长度控制在 15 cm 左右，促生中短枝，利于开花坐果。翌年春季，下垂和水平处理枝组的成花率和座果率显著高于直立处理（CK），其中下垂处理枝组成花率达到 100%，且全部为纯花穗、花穗质量高；直立处理（CK）枝组产生较多带叶花穗。各处理枝组的花穗长度无显著差异，但拉枝处理可显著降低花穗基部直径、抑制花穗旺长。雌花盛开后 50 d，下垂和水平处理枝组座果率分别为 9.81% 和7.61%，显著高于直立处理（CK，5.54%）。【结论】下垂和水平拉枝可有效控制仙进奉荔枝结果母枝徒长，改善成花质量，显著提高座果率，以 110°下垂拉枝效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Xianjinfeng litchi is a new variety introduced in recent years. It is characterized by high quality and late ripening and has significant economic and social benefits in the middle and late ripening litchi producing areas, however, its efficient and high-yield cultivation technology needs to be studied. Shoot bending is an important shaping and pruning method in orchard management, which can effectively reduce the apex dominance and facilitate flowering and fruiting. Here, the effects of different bending treatments on Xianjinfeng litchi were explored in order to provide references for the application of shoot bending technology as well as the establishment of technology for stable and high yield.【Method】Xianjinfeng litchi grafted for four years was used as the test material, and three bending treatments were set: vertical (0°, CK), horizontal (90 °) and drooping (110 °). After treatments, the indicators including growth, flowering rate, and fruit setting rate were counted. 【Result】Compared with the vertical treatment (CK), drooping and horizontal treatments had limited effects on the vegetative growth of the first and second shoots, but delayed the germination of the third shoot (the last autumn shoot) for more than seven days, and dramatically reduced germination number of shoots at the same time. In addition, drooping treatment had the strongest inhibitory effect. When the leaves of the last autumn shoot were mature, the branch diameter under bending treatments was slightly lower than that under CK, however, and there were no significant difference among all treatments. Both drooping and horizontal bending treatments could effectively control the length of the last autumn shoot to about 15 cm, promote the growth of short and medium shoots, which was conducive to flowering and fruiting. In the coming spring, the flowering rate and fruit setting rate of drooping and horizontal treatments were notably higher than those of vertical treatment (CK). The flowering rate of droop treatment reached 100%, and all of them were pure flowers with high quality, while vertical treatment (CK) produced more panicles with leaves in comparison with the other two treatments. There was no significant difference in the length of panicle among different treatments, however, the base diameter of panicle were observably reduced and vigorous growth of panicles were inhibited by bending treatments. Fifty days after blooming of pistillate flowers, the fruit setting rates under drooping and horizontal treatments were 9.81% and 7.61%, respectively, markedly higher than that under vertical treatment (CK, 5.54%).【Conclusion】For Xianjinfeng litchi, drooping and horizontal branch bending can effectively control the excessive growth of parent branches, improve the quality of flowers, and significantly increase fruit setting rate. The best results are obtained under drooping treatment (110° ). |
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