氨基酸 / 脲醛缓释肥的制备及性能研究

段晓华; 刘亚青

文章摘要

段晓华，刘亚青.氨基酸 / 脲醛缓释肥的制备及性能研究[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(4):93-99

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Study on Preparation and Performance of Amino Acid/UreaFormaldehyde Slow-Release Fertilizer

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.04.011

中文关键词: 缓释性能脲醛氢键作用微量元素结晶度半互穿网络结构

英文关键词: slow-release performance urea-formaldehyde hydrogen bonding trace element crystallinity semiinterpenetrating network structure

基金项目:中央引导地方科技发展资金（YDZJSX2021B007）；山西省专利转化专项计划项目（202202048）；山西省科技厅面上青年基金（201901D211273）

作者	单位
段晓华，刘亚青	中北大学材料科学与工程学院 / 纳米功能复合材料山西省重点实验室，山西太原 030051

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中文摘要:

【目的】开发一种具有多种养分、氮缓释性能优异、工艺简单、半互穿网络结构的缓释肥。【方法】利用溶液聚合配合原位挤出技术，将聚合过程和加工过程合二为一。以氨基酸原粉（AARP）和硫酸亚铁（FeSO4）为原料，将 AARP 和 AARPFe 与脲醛（UF）大分子链进行复合，形成具有半互穿网络结构的缓释肥（AARPUF 和 AARPFe-UF）。通过红外光谱、X 射线衍射和热重对缓释肥结构进行表征分析，扫描电镜（SEM）观察其表面形貌，测定其压缩强度及在静水及土壤中的氮养分释放率，研究添加 AARP 和 AARPFe 对其缓释性能的影响，并分析性能提高原因。【结果】UF、AARP-UF 和 AARPFe-UF 3 种缓释肥的结晶度分别为 67.9%、59.2%和 57.4%，压缩强度分别为 1.64、3.01、4.06 MPa，在静水中的初期氮释放率分别为 24.8%、18.6% 和 15.1%，处理 90 d 后土壤中氮累计释放率分别为 55.9%、51.4% 和 46.3%。AARP 和 AARPFe 的加入破坏了 UF 分子链晶体结构，形成氢键相互作用，使缓释肥结晶度降低，压缩强度提高，氮缓释性能得到明显改善。综合各项结果可知，缓释肥 AARPFe-UF 效果更佳。【结论】制备的新型缓释肥解决了 UF 初期氮释放率高的问题，避免了资源浪费，原料绿色、环保，综合性能优异，有利于工业化生产。AARP 中含有天然营养物质，具有生态效应，可促进可持续农业体系发展。

英文摘要:

【Objective】 The study was conducted to develop a slow-release fertilizer with multiple nutrients, excellent nitrogen slow-release performance, simple process, and semi-interpenetrating network structure.【Method】By using solution polymerization with in situ extrusion technology, the polymerization and processing processes were combined. With amino acid powder (AARP) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) as raw materials, AARP and AARPFe were compounded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) macromolecular chains to form slow-release fertilizers with semi-interpenetrating network structures (AARP-UF and AARPFe-UF). The structures of the slow-release fertilizers were characterized and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry, and the surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compression strength and nitrogen nutrient release rate in still water and soil were measured to investigate the effects of adding AARP and AARPFe on the slow-release performance and to analyze the reasons for their performance improvement. 【Result】The crystallinity of the three slow-release fertilizers UF, AARP-UF, and AARPFe-UF were 67.9%, 59.2%, and 57.4%, respectively, and the compression strengths were 1.64, 3.01 and 4.06 MPa. The initial nitrogen release rates in still water were 24.8%, 18.6%, and 15.1% respectively, and the cumulative release rates in soil after 90-daytreatment were 55.9%, 51.4%, and 46.3%, respectively. The addition of AARP and AARPFe disrupted the crystal structure of UF molecular chains and formed hydrogen bonding interactions, which reduced the crystallinity of the slow-release fertilizer, increased the compression strength, and significantly improved the nitrogen slow-release performance. Combining all the results, the effect of slow-release fertilizer AARPFe-UF was optimal. 【Conclusion】The prepared new slow-release fertilizer solves the problem of the high initial nitrogen release rate of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer and avoids the waste of resources. The fertilizer prepared with green and environment-friendly raw materials shows excellent comprehensive performance, which is conducive to industrial production. AARP contains natural nutrients that have ecological effects and contribute to sustainable development of agricultural systems.

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