| 严晓丽,李海亮,于珍珍,等.割苗对基质覆盖免耕播种玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,(8):- |
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割苗对基质覆盖免耕播种玉米生长发育及产量的影响 |
| Effects of Cutting Seedlings on Growth and Yield of Maize under Substrate Covered No-Tillage Sowing |
| 投稿时间：2023-04-03 修订日期：2023-08-11 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 基质覆盖免耕播种 割苗 生长性状 产量 |
| 英文关键词: Maize Covered no-tillage sowing Cutting seedling Growth traits Yield |
| 基金项目:海南省自然科学“玉米免耕播种基质覆盖下红壤水热盐运移机制及调控研究”(322QN416)、“基质覆盖式免耕播种调节砖红壤耕层氧气特征与机制”(322QN375)、“红壤水肥气耦合境域下鲜食玉米生长响应机理与模型构建”(322MS118)；中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金“热带农业工程科技创新团队”(19CXTD-31) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 189 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨割苗对基质覆盖免耕播种玉米生长发育及产量的影响，为基质覆盖免耕播种模式下提高玉米产量提供参考。【方法】以惠玉甜3号为试验材料，采用裂区试验设计，主区为4种不同种植密度（6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0万株/hm2，分别标记为A1~A4），副区为4种不同割苗处理（3~4叶龄、5~6叶龄、7~8叶龄，分别标记为T1~T3；不割苗对照为CK），研究割苗对基质覆盖免耕播种玉米生长发育性状及产量的影响。【结果】结果表明，割苗对基质覆盖免耕播种玉米的生育周期和灌浆期的叶片SPAD值的影响不显著；随着种植密度增加，茎秆性状、果穗性状均呈下降趋势；在A1~A3种植密度下，随着种植密度的增加，玉米产量呈上升趋势，在A4种植密度下，玉米产量相对下降；在A1~A4种植密度下，割苗使株高、穗位高显著降低和茎粗显著增加，作用效果为T2＞T1＞T3，割苗使穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、单穗质量和产量显著增加，作用效果最佳为T2最佳 ；T2处理下，A1~A4种植密度分别增产13.80%、11.71%、15.49%和13.24%；在A3种植密度下，进行割苗处理促进产量效果显著优于其他种植密度，T1~T3处理分别增产13.53%、15.49%和8.98%。【结论】本试验研究表明，割苗能降低基质覆盖免耕播种玉米的重心、增加茎粗，同时促进穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数和单穗质量等果穗性状正向生长发育，并且有效提高基质覆盖免耕播种玉米的产量，在5~6叶龄进行割苗，对进基质覆盖免耕播种玉米生长发育性状的影响最为显著。在8.0万株/hm2密度种植下，割苗提高基质覆盖免耕播种玉米产量的效果显著优于其他种植密度，且在5~6叶龄进行割苗增产效果最佳，增产达15.49%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study was carried out to explore the effects of cutting seedlings on the growth and yield of maize under substrate covered no-tillage sowing, which would provided reference for improving maize yield under substrate covered no-tillage sowing. 【Method】The Huiyutian 3 was used as the experimental material, and the split plot design was adopted for study the effects of cutting seedlings on growth and development traits and yield of maize under substrate covered no-tillage sowing. The main plot was four different planting densities (6.0×104, 7.0×104, 8.0×104, 9.0×104 plants/hm2, respectively marked as A1-A4 ), the subplot was four different cutting treatments ( 3~4 leaf age, 5~6 leaf age, 7~8 leaf age, respectively marked as T1-T3 ), and the control without cutting seedlings was CK. The effects of cutting seedlings on the growth and development traits and yield of matrix-covered no-tillage sowing maize were studied. 【Result】The results showed that cutting seedlings had no significant effect on the SPAD value of leaves in the growth cycle and filling stage of maize under substrate covered no-tillage sowing. With the increase of planting density, stem traits and ear traits showed a downward trend. Under the planting density of A1 ~ A3, with the increase of planting density, the yield of maize increased, and the yield of maize decreased relatively under the planting density of A4. The plant height and ear height were significantly reduced, and the stem thick were significantly increased by cutting seedling under A1 ~ A4 planting density, the effect was T2 > T1 > T3. The spike length, spike diameter, kernel rows, row grains, panicle weight and yield were improved by cutting seedling under A1 ~ A4 planting density, and the effect of T2 was the best. Compared with CK, the average yield of A1 ~ A4 planting density under T2 treatment increased by 3.80 %, 11.71 %, 15.49 % and 13.24 %, respectively. Under A3 planting density, the effect of cutting seedling treatment on promoting yield was significantly better than that of other planting densities, and the yield of T1 ~ T3 treatment increased by 13.53 %, 15.49 % and 8.98%, respectively.【Conclusion】The experimental results showed that cutting seedlings could reduce the center of gravity and improve stem diameter of maize under substrate covered no-tillage sowing . Furthermore, the growth and development and yield of maize under substrate covered no-tillage were significantly improved by cutting seedling. Cutting seedlings at 5 ~ 6 leaf age had the most significant effect on the growth and development traits of maize under substrate covered no-tillage sowing. Under the planting density of 8.0×104 plants/hm2, the effect of cutting seedlings to improve the yield of maize under substrate covered no-tillage sowing was significantly better than that of other planting densities, and the effect of cutting seedlings at 5-6 leaf ages was the best, with an increase of 15.49 %. |
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