| 马紫微 1，李 武 1,2.不同播期对华南鲜食糯玉米产量及品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(5):21-29 |
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不同播期对华南鲜食糯玉米产量及品质的影响 |
| Effects of Different Sowing Dates on the Yield and Quality of Fresh Waxy Corn in South China |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.05.003 |
| 中文关键词: 糯玉米 品比试验 播期 气象因素 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词: waxy corn product comparison test sowing date meteorological factors yield quality |
| 基金项目:广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2022B0202060003）；广州市重点研发计划项目（202206010172）；佛山市财政专项资金 2021 年度共建广东农业科技示范市项目（2021）；2021 年省级乡村振兴战略专项（粤农农计（2021）59 号）；广州市科技计划项目（202206010172） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探究播期对不同糯玉米品种产量和品质的影响，为华南地区的糯玉米生产实践提供理论依据和技术指导。【方法】采用双因素裂区设计，以 2 个播期（8 月 15 日和 8 月 25 日）和 5 个品种（粤黑甜糯1 号、粤五彩甜糯、粤彩糯 2 号、粤白甜糯 12 号、粤白甜糯 168）为处理因素，调查鲜食糯玉米的生育期、株高、穗长、产量和品质等性状。【结果】随着播期的推迟，秋播糯玉米全生育期逐渐延长。5 个品种的全生育期分别延长 13、11、10、11 和 12 d，其中延长时间主要体现在出苗至抽雄阶段。除穗长、穗粗外，播期推迟使糯玉米植株株高、穗位高、茎粗、鲜果穗质量、单穗质量、秃尖、穗行数、行粒数等均呈上升趋势，而鲜食品质和产量整体呈下降趋势。仅粤五彩甜糯的产量随播期的推迟增加 32%，粤黑甜糯 1 号、粤彩糯 2 号、粤白甜糯 12 号、粤白甜糯 168 的产量随播期的推迟分别降低 11%、5%、9% 和 4%。相关性分析结果表明，1 200 ℃·d 左右的全生育期有效积温更有利于保证其较高的收获指数，进而获得高产。气象因素对糯玉米产量也有显著影响，其中日平均气温与产量的相关性较强、两者相关系数为 0.932，是影响鲜食糯玉米产量的主要气象因子。因此，在秋季糯玉米生产中，需要注重气象条件的监测和预测，以更好地制定农艺措施，提高产量和品质。【结论】播期对糯玉米产量和品质的影响主要体现在出苗至抽雄期间，这一时期的糯玉米对温度要求较高，若温度过低则会导致其营养生长期延长、生长速率降低而造成减产，在糯玉米生产中，选择适宜的播期对保证产量和品质至关重要，华南地区秋季糯玉米适宜在 8 月 15 日左右进行播种。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study aims to explore the influence of sowing date on the yield and quality of waxy corn varieties, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the production practice of waxy corn in South China.【Method】The study adopted a two-factor split area design, with 2 sowing dates (August 15 and August 25) and 5 varieties (Yueheitiannuo 1, Yuecaitiannuo 5, Yuecainuo 2,Yuebaitiannuo 12, Yuebaitiannuo 168) as the treatment factors, and investigated the growth period, plant height, ear length, yield and quality of fresh waxy corn.【Result】With the delay of the sowing date, the whole growth period of the autumn sowing waxy corn is gradually extended. The whole growth period of the five varieties was extended by 13, 11, 10, 11 and 12 days, respectively, among which the extension period was mainly reflected in the vegetative growth stage to tasseling stage. Except for ear length and ear size, the delay of sowing date increased the plant height, ear position height, stem size, fresh weight, ear weight, baldness, ear number and grain number of waxy corn, but at the same time, the quality and yield showed a downward trend. The yield of Yuecaitiannuo 5 increased by 32% with the delay of sowing date, while the yield of Yueheitiannuo 1, Yuecainuo 2, Yuebaitiannuo 12 and Yuebaitiannuo 168 decreased by 11%, 5%, 9% and 4%, respectively. In addition, the correlation analysis can show that the effective accumulated temperature of the whole birth period around 1200 ℃·d is more conducive to ensuring a higher harvest index and then obtaining a high yield. Meteorological factors also have a significant influence on the yield of waxy corn. Among them, the daily average temperature corstrongly correlation with yield, and the correlation coefficient between the two is 0.932, which is the main meteorological factor affecting the yield of fresh waxy corn. Accordingly, This indicates that in the autumn waxy corn production, it is necessary to pay attention to the monitoring and prediction of meteorological conditions to develop better develop agronomic measures and improve yield and quality.【Conclusion】The influence of waxy corn yield and quality is mainly reflected in the emergence to the male, during this period, waxy corn to higher temperature requirements, if the temperature is too low will lead to its nutritional growth period, growth rate and cause production, in waxy corn production, choose suitable for yield and quality has important role, Autumn waxy corn in South China is suitable for sowing around August 15. |
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