| 谢孟颖，李鑫宇，陈桂珠，种云霄.典型的草甸和冠层型沉水植物对内源污染物削减效果研究[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(5):73-82 |
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典型的草甸和冠层型沉水植物对内源污染物削减效果研究 |
| Study on the Reduction Effect of Typical Meadow and Canopytype Submerged Plants on Endogenous Pollutants |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.05.009 |
| 中文关键词: 矮慈姑 轮叶黑藻 内源污染 生态修复 微生物群落多样性 |
| 英文关键词: Sagittaria pygmaea Miq Hydrilla verticillata endogenous pollution ecological restoration microbial community diversity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51778245）；2021 年度广州市水务科技项目（SST2021006） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同生长模式的沉水植物对内源污染物的削减效果。【方法】选取典型的草甸型和冠层型沉水植物矮慈姑和轮叶黑藻，利用采自重污染水体的底泥和两种沉水植物分别构建实验模拟系统，研究分析矮慈姑和轮叶黑藻在污染底泥中的生长扩增、各系统底泥和上覆水中主要污染物的浓度变化及表层底泥微生物群落结构的特点。【结果】两种沉水植物均能耐受污染底泥并生长扩增，矮慈姑茎、叶和根系的生物量均扩增 10 倍，但主要集中在水底泥界面上下 10 cm 范围；轮叶黑藻茎、叶的生物量在整个上覆水空间扩增也达到10 倍，但根系生物量不变。矮慈姑系统表层底泥（0~10 cm）的酸可挥发性硫化物（AVS）、亚铁和氨氮，去除率分别达到 80.57%、67.43% 和 72.48%，轮叶黑藻系统亚铁和氨氮去除率只有 24.75% 和 61.41%，AVS 上升13.6%。矮慈姑和轮叶黑藻系统上覆水中叶绿素 a 的浓度分别为 9.61、9.39 μg/L。16S rRNA 高通量测序结果显示，两类系统表层底泥微生物群落中属的组成差异显著，矮慈姑系统优势属为硫曲菌属（Sulfurifustis）和硝化螺旋菌属（Nitrospira），而轮叶黑藻系统中 Cyanobium_PCC-6307、螺旋体菌属（Spirochaeta_2）、假平胞菌属（Sphingomonas）和地杆菌属（Geothermobacter）的相对丰度更高。【结论】矮慈姑对表层底泥中还原性污染物 AVS、亚铁和氨氮具有更好的去除效果，而轮叶黑藻则对于上覆水藻类的生长具有更好的控制效果。矮慈姑发达的根系促进了硫和氨氮代谢微生物类群的发育。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】This study is to explore the reduction effect of different growth patterns of submerged plants in controlling endogenous pollutants. 【Method】A selection of typical meadow and canopy-type submerged plants, Sagittaria pygmaea Miq and Hydrilla verticillate, experimental simulation system using sediment from a heavily polluted water body and two types of submerged plants respectively. The study analysed the growth and expansion of S. pygmaea Miq and Hydrilla verticillate in the contaminated sediment, and investigated the changes in the concentrations of major pollutants in the sediment and overlying water of each system, as well as the characteristics of the microbial community structure in the surface sediment. 【Result】Both submerged plants tolerated and expanded in the contaminated sediment in this study, with both the stem and root biomass of S. pygmaea Miq expanding 10-fold, but mainly within the upper and lower 10 cm of the sediment interface, The stem and leaf biomass of H. verticillate also expanded 10-fold throughout the overlying water space, but the root biomass remained unchanged. The removal of acid volatile sulphide (AVS), ferrous iron and ammonia nitrogen from the surface sediment (0-10 cm) of the S. pygmaea Miq system reached 80.57%, 67.43% and 72.48% , respectively, while the removal rates of ferrous iron and ammonia nitrogen in the H. verticillate system were only 24.75% and 61.41%, the removal rate of acid volatile sulphide (AVS) increased by 13.6%. The mean chlorophyll a concentrations in the overlying water were 9.61 μg/L and 9.39 μg/L for the H. pygmaea Miq and H. verticillate systems, respectively. The results of 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that there were significant differences in the composition of genera in the microbial communities of the surface sediments of the two systems, with the dominant genera in the S. pygmaea Miq system being Sulfurifustis and Nitrospira, while the dominant genera in the H. verticillate system being Cyanobium_PCC-6307,Spirochaeta_2, Sphingomonas and Geothermobacter with much higher relative abundance. 【Conclusion】The S. pygmaea Miq were more effective in removing the reducing pollutants AVS, ferrous iron and ammonia nitrogen from the surface sediment, while. verticillate was more effective in controlling the growth of algae in the overlying water. The well-developed root system of S. pygmaea Miq promotes the development of microbial taxa for sulphur and ammonia nitrogen metabolism. |
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