灌溉时期和次数对胡麻产量和品质的影响

赵宝勰 1; 汪 磊 2; 俞华林 1; 李雨阳 1; 谭美莲 2; 师学豪 1; 杨继忠 1; 马泉芳 1

文章摘要

赵宝勰 1 ，汪磊 2 ，俞华林 1 ，李雨阳 1 ，谭美莲 2 ，师学豪 1 ，杨继忠 1 ，马泉芳 1.灌溉时期和次数对胡麻产量和品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(6):19-26

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Effects of Irrigation Period and Frequency on Yield and Quality of Linseed

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.06.003

中文关键词: 胡麻灌溉时期灌溉次数产量品质倒伏

英文关键词: linseed irrigation period irrigation time yield quality lodging

基金项目:国家现代农业（特色油料）产业技术体系建设项目（CARS-14）

作者	单位
赵宝勰 1 ，汪磊 2 ，俞华林 1 ，李雨阳 1 ，谭美莲 2 ，师学豪 1 ，杨继忠 1 ，马泉芳 1	1. 白银市农业科学研究所，甘肃白银 730900；2. 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 / 农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室，湖北武汉 430062

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中文摘要:

【目的】明确灌溉时期和灌溉次数对胡麻产量和品质的影响，为胡麻产区节水灌溉提供参考。【方法】设置 3 个生育期（枞型期、初花期和灌浆期）不同灌溉次数（各时期 1 次、以上任意 2 个时期各灌溉 1 次、 3 个时期均灌溉）的灌溉处理，评估不同时期、灌溉次数对胡麻产量、品质和抗倒伏性状的影响。【结果】在年降雨量 220 mm 左右的干旱地区，灌溉对胡麻生长具有积极促进作用。各灌溉处理比不灌溉对照增产 2.5%~75.1%；单次灌溉处理平均产量为 1 321.5 kg/hm2 ，二次灌溉平均产量为 1 375.5 kg/hm2 ，三次灌溉平均产量为 1 870.5 kg/hm2 ，比对照（1 068.0 kg/hm2 ）分别增产 23.7%、28.8% 和 75.1%；枞型期灌溉处理（含单次和多次灌溉）比枞型期不灌溉处理均表现为植株更健壮、抗折力更高。各灌溉处理下胡麻粗脂肪和 α- 亚麻酸含量均低于不灌溉对照，降幅分别为 2.22%~6.96% 和 0.21%~9.44%。【结论】从灌溉次数看，灌溉 3 次（枞型期、初花期和灌浆期各灌 1 次）是该地区胡麻种植的有效灌溉措施，纯收益最高，比不灌溉增收 4 807.5 元 /hm2 ；从灌溉时期看，枞型期灌 1 次的灌溉产投比最高、为 4.06，增产效益好，可达 3 次灌溉处理收益的 97%，可作为该地区节水灌溉的备选方案。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The effects of irrigation period and frequency on the yield and quality of linseed were clarified to provide reference for water-saving irvigation in linseed producing areas.【Method】The yields, qualities and lodging resistances of linseed under different irrigation treatments were evaluated in this study by setting irrigation treatments at 3 growth stages (fir-needle stage, initial flowering stage and filling stage) with different irrigation times (irrigating once in each period, irrigating twice in any 2 stages, and irrigating 3 times in all 3 stages).【Result】The results showed that irrigation had a positive effect on linseed growth in arid areas with annual rainfall of about 220 mm. Compared with the control without irrigation, each irrigation treatment increased the yield of linseed by 2.5%-75.1%. The average yield of irrigating once, twice and three times was 1 321.5 kg/hm2 , 1 375.5 kg/hm2 and 1 870.5 kg/hm2 , respectively, which was 23.7%, 28.8% and 75.1% higher than that of the control (1 068.0 kg/hm2 ), correspondingly. It was showed that the plants were more robust and with higher bending resistance in the treatment of fir-needle stage irrigation (including single and multiple irrigation) than in the treatment of no irrigation in the fir-needle stage. Compare to the control, the contents of crude fat and α-linolenic acid for irrigation treatments were lower, decreasing by 2.22%-6.96% and 0.21%-9.44%, respectively.【Conclusion】In this research, irrigation three times (irrigating once at fir-needle, initial flowering and filling stage, respectively) is an effective irrigation measure for linseed production in arid areas, and its net income is the highest, with an increase of 4 807.5 yuan/hm2 compared with no irrigation. However, the yield to input ratio of irrigating once (at the fir-needle stage) is the highest (4.06), and the yield efficiency is good, reaching 97% of the income of the treatment of irrigating three times, which can be used as an alternative water-saving irrigation scheme in this region.

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