烤烟全生育期覆膜栽培对植烟土壤理化性质及细菌群落结构的影响

郭 冲 1; 曾淑华 1; 刘雅洁 1; 杨懿德 2; 杨 洋 2; 鄢 敏 2; 陈佛源 2; 韩 伟 2; 刘 雷 1

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郭冲 1，曾淑华 1，刘雅洁 1，杨懿德 2，杨洋 2，鄢敏 2，陈佛源 2，韩伟 2，刘雷 1.烤烟全生育期覆膜栽培对植烟土壤理化性质及细菌群落结构的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(8):21-30

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Effects of Film Mulching Cultivation During the Whole Growth Period of Flue-cured Tobacco on Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Community Structure of Tobacco-planting Soil

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.08.003

中文关键词: 全生育期覆膜植烟土壤理化性质细菌群落结构产值量冗余分析

英文关键词: film mulching during the whole growth period tobacco-planting soil physicochemical properties bacterial community structure output value redundancy analysis

基金项目:四川省烟草公司科技项目（2020511500200085，SCYC202306）

作者	单位
郭冲 1，曾淑华 1，刘雅洁 1，杨懿德 2，杨洋 2，鄢敏 2，陈佛源 2，韩伟 2，刘雷 1	1. 四川农业大学农学院，四川成都 611130；2. 四川省烟草公司宜宾市公司，四川宜宾 644600

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中文摘要:

【目的】地膜覆盖会改变植烟土壤环境，进而影响土壤微生物群落结构和烤烟的生长发育，本研究旨在探究全生育期覆膜对植烟土壤理化性质和细菌群落结构的影响。【方法】应用 16S rDNA 测序，通过多种分析方法比较不同处理细菌群落结构的差异及多样性，并结合土壤理化性质进行冗余分析（RDA），以求明确土壤理化性质和细菌群落之间的关系。【结果】全生育期覆膜显著提高了烤烟产值量，双色（SY）、黑色（HY）、白色地膜覆盖（BY）处理产量分别较对照（CK）提高 13.33%、18.24%、21.36%；产值较对照提高 20.26%、15.87%、13.28%。同时，覆膜还会提高植烟土壤温度、总钾、总磷、总铁和有效铜含量，降低土壤 pH 值、碱解氮、有效铁、总铜和总锌含量。其中，全磷和有效铜含量增幅最为明显，分别为 3.11%~27.33% 和 4.76%~19.05%，碱解氮、有效铁和全锌含量降幅最为显著，分别为 10.45%~14.50%、3.36%~13.43% 和 7.69%~10.01%。全生育期覆膜对细菌群落丰度有一定抑制作用，对照的丰度指数 Chao 1 显著高于 3 个覆膜处理，且分别较白色、双色、黑色地膜覆盖处理高 14.09%、24.20%、24.81%。冗余分析表明，影响细菌门水平群落结构的主要土壤理化因素是土壤温度、碱解氮、有效铁、总铁、有效铜和总铜含量。白色、双色地膜覆盖处理中存在 3 个共有与对照丰度明显不同的菌属，分别属于变形菌门（Proteobacteria）中的鞘脂单胞菌科（Sphingomonadaceae）、伯克霍尔德菌科（Burkholderaceae）和黄单胞菌科（Xanthomonadaceae）3 个科。【结论】烤烟全生育期覆膜栽培会显著影响植烟土壤理化性质和细菌群落结构，提高烤烟产值量，适宜搭配的地膜颜色为黑白双色膜。

英文摘要:

【Objective】The soil environment of tobacco planting can be impacted by plastic film mulching, which affects the structure of the soil microbial community and the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a full growth period mulching on the physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure of tobacco planting soil.【Method】16S rDNA sequencing was applied to compare the differences in the structure and diversity of bacterial communities in different treatments by various analytical methods. The connection between soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities was discovered through redundancy analysis (RDA) based on soil physicochemical properties.【Result】The output value of flue-cured tobacco was significantly increased by film mulching during the growth period. The yield was increased by 13.33%, 18.24%, and 21.36% by the double color film mulching (SY), black film mulching (HY), and white film mulching (BY) treatments, respectively, compared to the control (CK); Output value added was 20.26%, 15.87%, and 13.28%. At the same time, film mulching will also increase tobacco-planting soil temperature, total potassium, total phosphorus, total iron and effective copper contents, and decrease soil pH value, alkaline dissolved nitrogen, effective iron, total copper and total zinc contents. The contents of total phosphorus and available copper increased the most significantly, reaching 3.11%-27.33% and 4.76%-19.05%, respectively. The most significant decrease in alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, available iron, and total zinc occurred at 10.45%-14.50%, 3.36%-13.43%, and 7.69%-10.01%, respectively. Plastic covering during the whole growth period has a certain negative impact on the abundance of bacterial communities. The abundance index Chao 1 of the control was significantly higher than the three mulching treatments and was 14.09%, 24.20%, and 24.81% higher than that of the white film mulching, double color film mulching, and black film mulching treatments, respectively. Redundancy analysis shows that the main soil physicochemical factors affecting the horizontal community structure of the bacterial phylum are soil temperature, alkaline nitrogen, available iron, total iron, available copper, and total copper content. Three shared genera with significantly different abundance from the control were present in the white film mulching and double color film mulching treatments, which belonged to three families in the phylum Proteobacteria: Sphingomonadaceae, Burkholderiaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae.【Conclusion】The full-life stage mulching cultivation will significantly affect the physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure of tobacco-planting soil , and improve the amount of output value of roasted tobacco, suitable for matching the color of the film is black and white bicolor film.

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