| 陈金香 1，王艳娣 1，梁健文 1，谢振斌 1，覃 敏 1，杨小龙 1，陈日远 1,2，张轶婷 1,2.华南连栋温室基质袋培模式下 6 个樱桃番茄品种的综合鉴评[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(9):142-154 |
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华南连栋温室基质袋培模式下 6 个樱桃番茄品种的综合鉴评 |
| Comprehensive Evaluation of 6 Cherry Tomato Varieties Under the Substrate Bag Cultivation Mode in Multi-span Greenhouse in South China |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.09.015 |
| 中文关键词: 温室 基质袋培 樱桃番茄 品种选择 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词: greenhouse substrate bag cultivation cherry tomato variety selection yield quality |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金（32102461）；广东省普通高校省级重大科研项目（2022KTSCX04）；华南农业大学黄埔创新研究院科研攻关项目（2023GG005） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】通过比较和分析不同品种樱桃番茄（Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme）在华南连栋温室基质袋培模式下的产量和品质，筛选出适宜的优质品种，为生产提供理论参考。【方法】比较分析了‘千禧’‘金玉’‘白妃’‘迷彩’‘翡翠’‘战马’6 个樱桃番茄品种的生长、单果质量、抗氧化能力和果实品质指标，包括可溶性固形物、Vc、番茄红素、可溶性总糖含量等，同时对以上指标进行主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析。【结果】‘千禧’和‘战马’植株第 1 穗开花时间较其他品种提早 3~6 d，其中‘战马’的花期最长，第 1、第 2 穗花期可达 37 d。‘战马’植株长势较强且小叶数量多，株高较‘翡翠’‘千禧’‘迷彩’‘金玉’和‘白妃’分别高出 54.8%、34.7%、23.4%、17.2% 和13.9%。‘翡翠’植株为矮粗状，单果质量和单株产量均显著高于其他品种。‘迷彩’和‘战马’品种产量高，表现为单穗结果数较多、分别达 24、32 个。供试 6 个品种樱桃番茄的品质差异明显，‘迷彩’果实的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、番茄红素含量最高，分别为 33.7、86.1、74.5 μg/g；‘迷彩’和‘战马’果实的 Vc 含量最高，为 200~220 μg/g；‘金玉’果实的多酚含量最高；‘翡翠’果实品质相对较差。主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析结果表明，‘迷彩’品种综
合评价最优，‘千禧’和‘战马’次之，再次是‘白妃’和‘金玉’，‘翡翠’品种综合评价最差；果实大小与果实品质呈极显著负相关；各品种樱桃番茄叶绿素含量与果实品质（类胡萝卜素、番茄红素、类黄酮、Vc 含量）呈显著正相关关系。【结论】‘迷彩’和‘战马’品种单穗果实数量多、产量较高，‘千禧’品种风味品质较佳，3 个品种综合鉴评好，适宜作为华南连栋温室基质袋培的优质高产樱桃番茄品种。成熟的‘迷彩’樱桃番茄果实中富含叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和番茄红素，可作为栽培上选育樱桃番茄果实色素含量高的理想材料。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The yield and quality of different varieties of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) were compared and analyzed under the substrate bag cultivation mode in multi-span greenhouse in South China, with a view to screening suitable high-quality variety and providing theoretical references for production. 【Method】We compared and analyzed the growth, single fruit weight, antioxidant capacity, and fruit quality indexes of 6 cherry tomato varieties (‘Qianxi’, ‘Jinyu’, ‘Baifei’, ‘Micai’, ‘Jinyu’ and ‘Zhanma’), including the contents of soluble solids, vitamin C (Vc), lycopene, total soluble sugar, etc. And principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted for the above indexes.【Result】The first cluster of the ‘Qianxi’ and ‘Zhanma’ bloomed about 3-6 d earlier than that of other varieties, and the ‘Zhanma’ had the longest flowering period among 6 varieties, and its flowering period of the first and the second clusters lasted for about 37 d. Moreover, the growth vigor of ‘Zhanma’ was the strongest with lots of leaflets, and its plant height was higher than that of ‘Feicui’, ‘Qianxi’, ‘Micai’, ‘Jinyu’ and ‘Baifei’ by 54.8%, 34.7%, 23.4%, 17.2% and 13.9%, respectively. In contrast, ‘Feicui’ showed short and thick stem, but single fruit weight and single plant yield were significantly higher than
those of other varieties. The yield of ‘Micai’ and ‘Zhanma’ was higher than that of others, presenting high fruit quantity in each cluster, approximately up to 24 and 32 in each cluster, respectively. There were significant differences in the quality among 6 varieties of cherry tomato. The contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and lycopene in the fruit of ‘Micai’ were highest, up to 33.7, 86.1 and 74.5 μg/g, respectively. The fruits of ‘Micai’ and ‘Zhanma’ had the highest Vc contents, which were up to 200 and 220 μg/g, respectively. The fruit of ‘Jinyu’ variety was rich in polyphenols. The quality of the ‘Feicui’ was relatively poor. The results of principal component analysis, clustering analysis and correlation analysis indicated that the comprehensive evaluation
of ‘Micai’ variety was the best, followed by ‘Qianxi’ and ‘Zhanma’, and then by ‘Baifei’ and ‘Jinyu’, and that of ‘Feicui’ variety was the worst. Fruit size had a significant negative correlation with fruit quality, chlorophyll content and fruit quality (carotenoid, lycopene, flavonoids and Vc), while the chlorophyll content of various varieties of cherry tomato was positively correlated with fruit quality (carotenoid, lycopene, flavonoid, Vc content).【Conclusion】The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the ‘Micai’ and ‘Zhanma’ varieties had more fruit number in one cluster and higher yield, and the ‘Qianxi’ had better flavor quality, the comprehensive evaluation of the three varieties was excellent, and were suitable for high-quality and high-yield cherry
tomato varieties in the multi-greenhouse matrix bag culture in South China. Mature ‘Micai’ cherry tomato is rich in chlorophyll, carotenoid and lycopene, which can be used as the variety of cherry tomato with high pigment content as the ideal material in cultivation. |
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