7 种秋海棠属植物叶片解剖结构分析与耐热性评价

周志雄 1; 王龙远 1; 郭 微 1; 谈 静 1; 吴 伟 1; 许 凯 1; 薛彬娥 1; 李凌飞 2

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周志雄 1，王龙远 1，郭微 1，谈静 1，吴伟 1，许凯 1，薛彬娥 1，李凌飞 2.7 种秋海棠属植物叶片解剖结构分析与耐热性评价[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(9):173-180

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Analysis on Leaf Anatomy of 7 Begonia Species and Evaluation on Their Heat Tolerance

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.09.018

中文关键词: 秋海棠属叶片解剖结构耐热性隶属函数法相关性分析

英文关键词: Begonia leaf anatomy heat tolerance membership function method correlation analysis

基金项目:广东省林政服务中心项目（D122202K6）

作者	单位
周志雄 1，王龙远 1，郭微 1，谈静 1，吴伟 1，许凯 1，薛彬娥 1，李凌飞 2	1. 仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院，广东广州 510220；2. 中国科学院仙湖植物园，广东深圳 518004

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中文摘要:

【目的】秋海棠被称为“观叶植物之王”，探究不同颜色秋海棠叶片的结构与耐热性之间的关系，旨在筛选出叶片观赏价值高、耐热性好的秋海棠品种。【方法】通过石蜡切片对 7 种秋海棠属植物的叶片解剖结构进行观察，应用聚类分析、相关性分析对叶片组织结构相关指标进行筛选，进一步采用隶属函数综合评价7 种秋海棠属植物的耐热性。【结果】（1）7 种秋海棠属植物的叶均为异面叶，上下表皮均由一层排列紧密的细胞组成，上表皮平整或外凸，气孔集中在下表皮。叶肉有栅栏组织和海绵组织的分化，栅栏组织不发达，由1~2 层细胞组成，内含较多叶绿体；海绵组织较发达，由 3~5 层细胞组成；叶片颜色不同，栅栏组织的形态及排列方式不同。（2）影响 7 种秋海棠属植物耐热性的主要指标为叶片总厚度、海绵组织厚度和栅海比和组织紧密度。（3）7 种秋海棠属植物的耐热性由强到弱依次为巴塞罗斯秋海棠（Begonia barsalouxiae）、鹿寨秋海棠（B. luzhaiensis）、罗城秋海棠（B. luochengensis）、鹿斑秋海棠（Begonia sp.）、德宝秋海棠（B. debaoensis）、变异秋海棠（B. variifolia）、香花秋海棠（B. handelii）。按照耐热性等级可将其分为 3 种类型：巴塞罗斯秋海棠为耐热型；鹿寨秋海棠、罗城秋海棠为中耐热型；德宝秋海棠、鹿斑秋海棠、香花秋海棠、变异秋海棠为低耐热型。【结论】通过对秋海棠属植物叶片解剖结构观察发现，7 种秋海棠叶片栅栏组织均不发达，海绵组织较发达，叶片结构疏松，这种结构对秋海棠的耐热性有较大影响。

英文摘要:

【Objective】Begonia often referred to as the “king” of ornamental plant. In the study, we explored the relationship between the leaf structure and heat among Begonia species with diverse leaf colors, aiming to screen out Begonia species with high ornamental value and strong heat tolerance. 【Method】The leaf anatomies of seven Begonia species were observed by using paraffin sectioning. Cluster analysis and correlation analysis were utilized to identify indicators related to leaf tissue structures. Additionally, a membership function method was implemented to comprehensively evaluate the heat tolerance of the seven Begonia species. 【Result】（1）The leaves of all seven species were heterophyllous with both upper and lower epidermis being composed of a tightly arranged single layer of cells. The upper epidermis was flat or convex, while stomata concentrated on the lower epidermis. The mesophyll was differentiated into palisade and spongy tissues. The palisade tissue was underdeveloped, usually consisting of 1 to 2 layers of chloroplast-rich cells. In contrast, the spongy tissue was more developed, with 3 to 5 layers. Leaf colors varied between species and were associated with differences in palisade cell morphology and arrangement. （2）Total leaf thickness, spongy tissue thickness, palisade-to-spongy tissue ratio, and tissue tightness were key anatomical factors influencing heat tolerance. （3）The heat tolerance ranking from highest to lowest were as: B. barsalouxiae, B. luzhaiensis, B. luochengensis, Begonia sp., B. debaoensis, B. variifolia, and B. handelii. According to this ranking, we categorized them into three levels of tolerance: B. barsalouxiae as heat-tolerant, B.luzhaiensis and B. luochengensis as moderately heat-tolerant, and B. debaoensis, B. variifolia, and B. handelii and Begoniasp. as low heat-tolerant.【Conclusion】Observations of leaf anatomy revealed that the palisade tissue was underdeveloped in several Begonia species. In contrast, the spongy tissue was more developed, resulting in a quite loose leaf structure, and this loose structure greatly influenced heat tolerance in Begonia.

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