| 曹庆军1，王利斌 2，王文强 2，杨 浩 1，殷志国 1,3，杨粉团1，孔凡丽1，李辛琲 1，刘 臣 4，李 刚 1.条耕种植对薄层黑土农田土壤物理性质与玉米产量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(10):22-29 |
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条耕种植对薄层黑土农田土壤物理性质与玉米产量的影响 |
| Effects of Strip Tillage on Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yield in Thin-layer Black Soil |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.10.003 |
| 中文关键词: 黑土地 秸秆还田 耕地质量 条带耕作 保护性耕作 产量 |
| 英文关键词: black soil straw returning cultivated land quality strip-tillage conservation tillage yield |
| 基金项目:吉林省科技发展计划项目（20230202041NC）；吉林省农业重大技术协同推广试点项目（E32433802） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同种植年限与种植方式对松辽平原南部薄层黑土农田土壤改良与产量的影响。【方法】采用田间定位试验，分析条耕（ST）、免耕（NT）与常规垄作（CT）3 种种植方式下土壤物理性质与产量性状的变化。【结果】种植 2 年地块，ST、NT 与 CT 处理的耕层厚度与田间持水量无显著差异，而种植 4 年地块 ST处理耕层厚度和田间持水量分别较 CT 增加 15.46% 和 30.28%，与 NT 无差异。0~20 cm 耕层土壤，ST 处理下种植 2、4 年地块土壤穿透阻力分别较 CT 增加 57.57%、42.86%，较 NT 处理分别降低 5.2%、19.22%，3 种耕作方式处理下种植 2 年和 4 年地块土壤容重与土壤孔隙度均无显著差异。20~40 cm 亚耕层土壤，仅种植 4 年地块的ST 处理土壤容重较 CT 降低 11.56%，与 NT 无差异，而 ST 处理下种植 2、4 年地块的土壤穿透阻力分别较 CT 降低 5.22%、19.62%，土壤孔隙度相应分别提高 11.80%、15.92%。产量上，种植 2 年地块 ST 处理较 CT、NT 分别增产 3.62%、3.52%，而种植 4 年地块，ST 处理较 CT、NT 分别提高 16.08%、9.29%。产量构成因素分析结果表明，单位面积有效穗数增加是条耕种植玉米实现增产的主要原因，随机森林模型结果进一步表明，耕层厚度与耕层穿透阻力分别是种植 2 年和 4 年条件下影响玉米产量最主要的因子。【结论】松辽平原南部薄层黑土农田种植玉米，采用条耕种植方式有利于薄层黑土农田良好耕层结构构建与产量水平提升。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The research was performed to investigate the effects of planting year (Y) and tillage mode (T) on soil improvement and maize yield in thin-layer black soil in the southern part of the Songliao Plain.【Method】Three tillage modes namely strip-tillage (ST), conventional ridge planting (CT) and no-tillage (NT) were conducted to analyze the changes in soil physical properties and yield traits through field location experiment.【Result】The results showed no significant differences were found in the thickness of soil layers (TSL) and soil water holding capacity (SWHC) of the tillage layer under treatments of ST, NT and CT in 2-year cultivation field, while the results were opposite in 4-year cultivation field, with TSL and SWHC increasing by 15.46% and 30.28% under ST compared with that of CT, whereas no difference was observed between ST and NT. For 0-20 cm depth soil, the soil penetration resistance (PR) under ST treatment increased by 57.57% and 42.86% in the 2-year and 4-year cultivation fields, compared with that under CT treatment, while decreased by 5.22% and 19.22% compared with that under NT treatment. And no significant differences were observed in soil bulk density (BD) and soil porosity (SP) between the 2-year and 4-year cultivation fields under the three treatments. For the 20-40 cm depth soil, only BD under ST treatment in 4-year cultivation field was 11.56% lower than that of CT, whereas no difference was found between ST and NT. The PR under ST in 2-year and 4-year cultivation fields were 5.22% and 19.22% lower than that of CT, respectively, while SP increased by 11.8% and 15.92%, correspondingly. Compared with treatments of CT and NT, maize yield under ST in 2-year cultivation field increased by 3.62% and 3.52%, respectively, and that in 4-year cultivation field increased by 16.08% and 9.29%, respectively. From the results of yield components, the increase in effective ear number per unit area was the main factor for the increase of maize yield under ST treatment. The analysis of the random forest model further demonstrated that the TSL and PR in plough layer were the most important factors affecting maize yield with 2-year and
4-year cultivation.【Conclusion】In conclusion, ST is beneficial for the formation of better plough layer and enhancement of maize yield in thin-layer black soil farmland. |
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