连续红、蓝光照对辣椒幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

周 瑶; 毛莲珍; 孙 颖; 沈逸雨; 邬伟盛; 刘周斌

文章摘要

周瑶，毛莲珍，孙颖，沈逸雨，邬伟盛，刘周斌.连续红、蓝光照对辣椒幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2023,50(11):78-88

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Effects of Continuous Red and Blue Light on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Pepper Seedlings

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.11.008

中文关键词: 连续光照光质辣椒光合特性设施栽培酶活性

英文关键词: continuous light light quality pepper photosynthetic characteristics facility cultivation enzyme activity

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32302574）；云南省科技计划项目（202204BI090004）

作者	单位
周瑶，毛莲珍，孙颖，沈逸雨，邬伟盛，刘周斌	湖南农业大学园艺学院 / 园艺作物种质创新与新品种选育教育部工程研究中心 / 湖南省蔬菜生物重点实验室，湖南长沙 410128

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中文摘要:

【目的】现代蔬菜设施栽培中，蔬菜幼苗的品质对后续种植生产的经济效益起着非常重要的作用。连续光照是人工光植物工厂中常见的特殊光照模式，探索连续光照结合光质调控辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响，为高效提高辣椒幼苗抗性提供重要技术参考。【方法】以辣椒骨干亲本‘6421’为试验材料，共设置 6 个光处理：正常白光照射（CW）、正常蓝光照射（CB）、正常红光照射（CR）、连续白光照射（TW）、连续蓝光照射（TB）及连续红光照射（TR），研究连续光周期处理结合红光、蓝光对辣椒幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。【结果】（1）TR 处理显著增加辣椒幼苗的株高和茎粗，比 CW 处理分别增加 20.5% 和 10.6%。TR 处理后壮苗指数极显著上升 2.38 倍，而 TB 处理使辣椒幼苗的株高和茎粗显著降低 17.1% 和 14.3%，根冠比显著升高 2.62 倍。（2）TR、TB 处理辣椒幼苗叶片的净光合速率（Pn）和气孔导度（Gs）无明显差异，但 TB 处理的蒸腾速率（Tr）和胞间CO2 浓度（Ci）均显著低于 TR 处理，比 CW 处理显著降低 62.5% 和 51.1%。不同光处理后辣椒幼苗叶片的叶绿素荧光参数则与之相反，TB 处理辣椒幼苗叶片的最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）值均显著高于 TR 处理，其中 TB、TR 处理的 qP 分别较 CW 处理显著升高 36.1%、26.1%。（3）连续红光和连续蓝光处理后辣椒幼苗的抗氧化酶活性和渗透物质有明显差异。TB处理辣椒幼苗叶片的 SOD、POD 及 CAT 活性显著升高，TR 处理后辣椒幼苗叶片的 POD、CAT 活性也显著升高，而 TB 和 TR 处理后辣椒叶片的 MDA 含量显著低于 CW 处理 55%~56%。【结论】连续光照条件对辣椒幼苗期的生长发育具有一定积极作用，同时连续光照射结合红光、蓝光处理下辣椒幼苗的抗氧化酶活性和渗透物质均有不同程度提高，以更好地对抗光胁迫环境，提高了辣椒幼苗的适应性。

英文摘要:

【Objective】In modern vegetable facility cultivation, the quality of vegetable seedlings plays a very important role in the economic benefits of subsequent agricultural production. Continuous light is a common special light mode in artificial light plant factory. Exploring the effect of continuous light combined with light quality on the growth and development of pepper seedlings could provide an important technical reference for efficiently improving the resistance of pepper seedlings.【Method】The pepper backbone parent ‘6421’ was used as the test material, and 6 light treatment groups were set up: normal white light irradiation group (CW), normal blue light irradiation group (CB), normal red light irradiation group (CR), continuous white light irradiation group (TW), continuous blue light irradiation group (TB) and continuous red light irradiation group (TR). The effects of continuous photoperiod treatment combined with red and blue light on the growth and physiological characteristics of pepper seedlings were studied.【Result】 (1) TR significantly increased the plant height and stem diameter of pepper seedlings by 20.5% and 10.6%, respectively, compared with the CW group. After TR treatment, the seedling index increased significantly by 2.38 times, while TB significantly reduced the plant height and stem diameter of pepper seedlings by 17.1% and 14.3%, and the root-shoot ratio increased significantly by 2.62 times. (2) There was no significant difference in Pn and Gs of pepper seedling leaves between TR and TB, but Tr and Ci of TB were significantly lower than those of TR. Compared with CW, Tr and Ci of TB were significantly reduced by 62.5% and 51.1%. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of pepper seedling leaves showed opposite results after different light treatments. The Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, NPQ and qP values of pepper seedling leaves in TB group were significantly higher than those in TR group. The qP of TB and TR was significantly higher than that of CW, increasing by 36.1% and 26.1%, respectively. (3) The antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic substances of pepper seedlings were significantly different after continuous red light treatment and continuous blue light treatment. TB significantly increased SOD, POD and CAT in leaves of pepper seedlings. The POD and CAT activities of pepper seedling leaves were also significantly increased after TR treatment, while the MDA content of pepper leaves after TB and TR treatments was significantly reduced by 55%-56% compared with that of CW. 【Conclusion】Continuous light conditions have a positive effect on the growth and development of pepper seedlings at the seedling stage, and the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic substances of pepper seedlings under continuous light irradiation combined with monochromatic red and monochromatic blue light treatments increase to different degrees to better counteract the light stress environment and improve the adaptability of pepper seedlings.

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