| (刘舒晴,袁余,李斌,等.补光技术对设施葡萄生长发育影响的研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2025,(5-6):- |
|
PDF
HTML
补光技术对设施葡萄生长发育影响的研究进展 |
| Research progress on the effect of supplemental light technology on the growth and development of grapes in protected cultivation |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-24 修订日期：2025-04-03 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 设施葡萄 生长发育 补光技术 光周期 光强 光质 |
| 英文关键词: Grapes in protected cultivation, growth and development, supplemental light, photoperiod, light intensity, light quality |
| 基金项目: |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 0 |
| 全文下载次数: 0 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要：葡萄作为我国重要的果树之一，以其丰富的营养价值和广泛的市场需求，葡萄产业已成为乡村振兴的特色支柱产业，对促进农业增效和农民增收发挥着重要作用。随着避雨栽培技术和破眠技术的发展，在南方地区由葡萄不适宜地区逐渐发展成为特色优势区域。与露地栽培相比，设施栽培可以避免外界不良环境的影响，降低病虫害发生，提高产量和品质，并通过调节产期，使葡萄促早/延后上市，提高种植效益。但由于温室结构和覆盖物的遮挡，导致进入设施内的光照减弱、光谱成分发生变化。光照是影响葡萄生长发育的重要因素，低弱光环境不仅降低葡萄叶片的光合作用，还会导致植株徒长、果实品质下降等问题，严重制约了葡萄产业的可持续发展。因此，如何通过技术手段弥补设施栽培中的光照不足，成为当前研究的热点之一。近年来，随着补光技术在设施园艺生产中的广泛应用，有关于设施葡萄的人工补光技术的相关研究逐渐增多。本文综述了国内外有关于葡萄补光技术相关研究报道，首先，总结了现有补光技术中常见人工补光光源的类型、特点以及应用情况，在热辐射光源、气体放电光源和电致发光光源等人工补光光源中，电致发光光源的发光二极管（即LED灯）具有发热少、节能高效、波长可调性更强、光谱可精准控制、寿命长等优点，是目前设施农业生产中的最理想光源；其次，综合分析了不同光质、光照强度及光周期对葡萄生长发育的影响，适宜的光配方（光质、光强、光周期）可显著促进葡萄的光合作用，提高产量和果实品质。最后，从光配方、植株内在生理机制和多环境因子协同效应以及对节能补光灯研制和植物间歇式补光技术等研究方面进行展望，认为人工补光是改善设施葡萄光照环境，解决设施葡萄生产弱光和光照时间不足等问题的有效方式，同时光配方需与植株品种和栽培环境优化结合可综合提升设施葡萄生产效能。本文从补光光源类型和特点、补光技术对葡萄生长发育影响以及补光技术发展趋势等方面进行综述总结，以期为葡萄设施栽培的研究提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract: Grapes, as one of the important fruits in China, have become a characteristic pillar of rural revitalization due to their rich nutritional value and extensive market demand, which play an important role in promoting agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income. With the development of rain-sheltered cultivation technology and dormancy-breaking technology, it has gradually developed into a characteristic advantageous location in the southern region from an unsuitable area for grapes. Compared with open field cultivation, protected cultivation can avoid the influence of a bad environment, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, improve yield and quality, and promote the early/late market of grapes by adjusting the production date, to improve planting efficiency. However, due to the greenhouse structure and cover shielding, resulting in reduced light in the facility, spectral composition changes. Light is an important factor affecting the growth and development of grape, low light environment not only reduces the photosynthesis of grape leaves but also leads to excessive plant growth, fruit quality decline and other problems, seriously restricting the sustainable development of the grape industry. In recent years, with the extensive application of supplementary lighting technology in protected horticulture production, there are more and more researches on artificial supplementary lighting technology of protected grapes. In this paper, the related research report on grape supplementary light technology at home and abroad is summarized. Firstly, the types, characteristics and application of common artificial supplementary light sources in the existing supplementary light technology are summarized. Among the artificial supplementary light sources such as thermal radiation light sources, gas discharge light sources and electroluminescent light sources. The light emitting diode (LED) of electroluminescent light source has the advantages of less heat generation, energy saving and high efficiency, stronger wavelength adjustability, accurate spectrum control and long service life. Secondly, the effects of different light quality, light intensity and photoperiod on grape growth and development were analyzed comprehensively, and the suitable light formula was obtained (light quality, light intensity, photoperiod) that can significantly promote photosynthesis of grape, and improve yield and fruit quality. Finally, the paper prospected from the aspects of light formula, plant physiological mechanism, the synergistic effect of multiple environmental factors, development of energy-saving supplemented light and intermittent light supplement technology of plants. It was considered that artificial supplemented light was an effective way to improve the light environment of protected grape production and solve the problems of weak light and insufficient light time. Meanwhile, the light formula should be combined with plant variety and cultivation environment optimization to comprehensively improve the production efficiency of protected grapes. This paper summarized the types and characteristics of supplementary light sources, the effects of supplementary light technology on grape growth and development, and the development trend of supplementary light technology, in order to provide a reference for the research of grape protected cultivation. |
|
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
|
|
|
