| 方怡静,李志斐,谢骏,等.尼罗罗非鱼池塘养殖尾水颗粒物质沉降特征分析[J].广东农业科学,2024,(7-8):- |
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尼罗罗非鱼池塘养殖尾水颗粒物质沉降特征分析 |
| Sedimentation characteristics of suspended solids in the wastewater of Oreochromis niloticus pond |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-11 修订日期：2024-05-21 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 养殖尾水 沉降分离 粒径 可溶性有机物组分 固体颗粒 尾水处理 沉降规律 尼罗罗非鱼 |
| 英文关键词: aquaculture wastewater sedimentation separation particle size soluble organic component solid particles wastewater treatment settlement law Oreochromis niloticus |
| 基金项目:集约化池塘养殖尾水处理节地关键技术研发与应用(502022017)，十四五国家重点研发计划2023YFD2400502、2023YFD2400504，中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助(2022XT0503)，广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2023A1515012748, 2021A1515011116) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】养殖尾水中固体颗粒物的沉积和分解会导致养殖水体的恶化并影响鱼类健康，了解尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）池塘养殖尾水中固体颗粒物的沉降规律及其对养殖水体的影响，为养殖尾水处理系统的研发与设计提供基础理论依据。【方法】采用静置沉降处理尼罗罗非鱼池塘养殖尾水，分别于不同沉降时间采集了不同深度的养殖尾水样品，对养殖尾水中颗粒物的粒径分布、可溶性有机物组分以及水质指标进行分析。【结果】静置沉降对养殖尾水水质无显著影响（P>0.05），仅降低了养殖尾水表层中TN、TP和COD的质量浓度；静置沉降可以显著分离养殖尾水中的悬浮固体和藻类（P<0.05）。经5 h静置沉降后，2 m高处水体TSS减少了3854 mg/L，叶绿素a质量浓度减少了42 mg/L，浊度减少了0.23 NTU，色度减少了309度，养殖水体中的TSS和叶绿素a质量浓度随沉降时间的延长而降低；粒径分布结果显示，静置沉降可以有效分离养殖水体中大于100 μm的易沉降颗粒，但无法分离低于30μm的微细颗粒。固体颗粒的沉降速度与其粒径分布范围和质量浓度有关，固体颗粒沉降速度随其粒径分布范围减小和质量浓度的上升而降低；三维荧光光谱结果表明尼罗罗非鱼养殖尾水中的可溶性有机物主要以类富里酸质为主，静置沉降无法完全改变养殖尾水中可溶性有机物组分。【结论】短时间静置沉降能有效去除养殖尾水中的易沉降颗粒，TSS和叶绿素a的质量浓度随沉降时间的延长而降低，但静置沉降无法完全改变尾水中的可溶性有机物组分，也无法显著降低养殖尾水中的氮、磷等污染物的质量浓度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The deposition and decomposition of solid particles in aquaculture wastewater will lead to the deterioration of aquaculture water and affect the health of fish. To understand the settling rule of solid particles in aquaculture wastewater of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) The settling rule of solid particles in the aquacultural wastewater and its influence on the aquacultural waterbody provide the basic theoretical basis for the research and development and design of aquacultural wastewater treatment system. 【 Method 】 The cultured wastewater of Nile tilapia pond was treated by static settlement. Samples of cultured wastewater at different depths were collected at different settling times, and the particle size distribution, soluble organic components and water quality indexes of cultured wastewater were analyzed.【 Results 】Static settlement had no significant effect on the quality of aquacultural wastewater (P>0.05), and only reduced the mass concentrations of TN, TP and COD in aquacultural wastewater surface. Suspended solids and algae in aquaculture wastewater could be separated by static settlement (P<0.05). After settling for 5 h, the TSS, chlorophyll a mass concentration, turbidity and chromaticity of 2 m height water decreased by 3854 mg/L, 42 mg/L, 0.23 NTU and 309 degrees, and the TSS and chlorophyll a mass concentrations in aquaculture water decreased with the extension of settling time. The results of particle size distribution showed that the settleable particles larger than 100μm could be effectively separated by static sedimentation, but the fine particles lower than 30μm could not be separated. The sedimentation velocity of solid particles is related to its particle size distribution range and mass concentration. The sedimentation velocity of solid particles decreases with the decrease of particle size distribution range and the increase of mass concentration. The results of Three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence showed that the soluble organic compounds in the wastewater of Nile tilapia were mainly fuluri-like, and the soluble organic compounds in the wastewater could not be completely changed by static sedimentation.【Conclusion 】Short time static settlement can effectively remove settleable particles in aquaculture wastewater, and the mass concentrations of TSS and chlorophyll a decrease with the extension of sedimentation time. However, static sedimentation cannot completely change the soluble organic components in the wastewater, nor can it significantly reduce the mass concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in aquaculture wastewater. |
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