| 张 磊，冯珊珊，周灿芳，周 斐，景 丽.新时期我国主销区粮食安全的认识维度、矛盾诊断和破解路径[J].广东农业科学,2024,51(9):66-78 |
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新时期我国主销区粮食安全的认识维度、矛盾诊断和破解路径 |
| Understanding Dimensions, Contradiction Diagnosis, and Solution Path of Grain Security in China’s Main Sales Areas in the New Era |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.09.006 |
| 中文关键词: 粮食安全 空间非均衡 粮食主销区 产需平衡 粮食流通 粮食储备 |
| 英文关键词: food security regional unbalance main grain sales area production-demand balance grain circulation grain
reserve |
| 基金项目:广东省自然科学基金（2021A1515012218）；国家社会科学基金（20AJY012）；国家粮食和物资储备局
软科学项目（GLRKX2024053） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要：为提升重大突发公共安全事件下主销区粮食安全保障能力，厘清产销区省域粮食生产能力与空间变
迁情况，进一步提升新时期全国统一大市场背景下国家粮食安全治理能力和长效机制。利用 ArcGIS 技术结合统计
分析方法，以全国粮食主产区、主销区、产销平衡区为研究对象，对新中国成立以来粮食产量和面积进行空间演化
分析，并对 2011—2023 年主产区粮食调出率进行计算。结果发现，全国粮食净调出地更加集中于黑龙江、河南、
山东、安徽四省，而作为传统粮食调出大省的四川、江苏、湖北、湖南粮食调出率却不断下降，甚至出现“销区化”
倾向。我国粮食安全局面存在“区域非均衡加强”“产销错配”“粮饲错配”等结构性问题，产销跨省域运距过长
及常态化成本较高，物流通道之间基本相互独立、互通性和连接性较差。鉴于此，提出应在大食物观下，进一步压
实主销区保障一定自给率要求，重点提高主销区粮食生产和应急储备能力，建立粮食“产销”跨区域协作长效保障
机制；提升主销区粮食主体内生积极性，规避“运动式”的生产方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract: The study was conducted to enhance the food security guarantee capability of the main sales area in the event
of major public safety emergencies, clarify the provincial grain production capacity and spatial changes in the production and
sales areas, and further improve the national food security governance capacity and long-term mechanism under the background
of the unified national market in the new era. Using ArcGIS technology combined with statistical analysis methods, the study
analyzes the spatial evolution of grain production and area since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, by taking the
main grain production areas, main sales areas, as well as production and marketing balance areas in China as the research
objects. The grain export rate of the main grain production areas from 2011 to 2023 is also calculated. Research has found that
the net export of grain in China is more concentrated in four provinces including Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, and Anhui,
while the grain export rates of provinces such as Sichuan, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Hunan continue to decline, and even show a
tendency towards “regional sales”. There are structural problems such as regional imbalance strengthening, production and
sales mismatch, and grain and feed mismatch in China’s food security. The tr ansportation distance between production and sales
across provinces is too far and the normalized cost is high. The logistics channels are basically independent of each other, with
poor interoperability and connectivity. It is proposed to further strengthen the requirement of ensuring a certain self-sufficiency
rate in the main sales areas by adopting an all-encompassing approach to food, focus on improving the grain production and
emergency reserve capacity of the main sales areas, establish a long-term mechanism for cross regional cooperation in grain
“production and sales”; and enhance the endogenous enthusiasm of grain producers in the main sales areas and avoid “sports
style” production methods. |
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