高效低鱼粉配合饲料养殖大规格卵形鲳鲹的应用评估

李新禄; 宋尚书; 张海涛; 王卓铎; 李远友; 谢帝芝

文章摘要

李新禄，宋尚书，张海涛，王卓铎，李远友，谢帝芝.高效低鱼粉配合饲料养殖大规格卵形鲳鲹的应用评估[J].广东农业科学,2024,51(9):139-150

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Evaluation on the Application of High-efficient and Lowfishmeal Compound Feed for Aquaculture of Largesized Trachinotus ovatus

DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.09.013

中文关键词: 卵形鲳鲹高效低鱼粉配合饲料生长性能肌肉品质养殖效益

英文关键词: Trachinotus ovatus high-efficient and low-fishmeal compound feed growth performance muscle quality aquaculture benefit

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0900400）；国家自然科学基金（31873040）

作者	单位
李新禄，宋尚书，张海涛，王卓铎，李远友，谢帝芝	（1. 华南农业大学海洋学院，广东广州 510642；2. 广东恒兴饲料实业股份有限公司 / 农业农村部华南水产与畜禽饲料重点实验室，广东湛江 524000）

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中文摘要:

摘要：【目的】前期研发的高效低鱼粉配合饲料在小规格卵形鲳鲹养殖中表现出良好的应用效果。进一步评估该饲料在大规格卵形鲳鲹养殖中的应用效果，为实际生产提供参考。【方法】基于卵形鲳鲹商品饲料（商品料， CK）和高效低鱼粉配合饲料（试验料）的配方，采用企业饲料加工工艺及设备配制两组饲料，于池塘网箱中饲喂大规格卵形鲳鲹（125.8 ± 0.70 g）95 d，比较分析两组卵形鲳鲹生长性能、血清生化指标、消化酶活性和肌肉品质。【结果】商品料组和试验料组卵形鲳鲹的生长性能、形态指标、血清和肝脏抗氧化性能指标、肠道消化酶活性均无显著差异（P > 0.05）。试验料组卵形鲳鲹日摄食率、特定生长率、日增重率、增重率分别为 2.64%、1.35%、2.73%、 247.34%，比商品料组高 0.21、0.03、0.07、2.25 个百分点，但饲料系数比商品料组低 0.03 个百分点。试验料组卵形鲳鲹血清总胆固醇（T-CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量分别为 0.88、0.18 、0.30 mmol/L，比商品料组分别降低 87.41%、61.90%、57.74%，差异显著（P < 0.05），且试验料组 HDL-C/LDL-C（102.20%）显著提升（P < 0.05）。在肌肉品质方面，两组卵形鲳鲹的肌肉蛋白、脂肪含量和氨基酸组成（总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、风味氨基酸）均无显著差异（P > 0.05），但试验料显著改善了大规格卵形鲳鲹肌肉质构特性，肌肉 EPA 水平提高。相比于商品料，试验料饲料成本降低 8.65%，养殖效益提高 17.76%。【结论】高效低鱼粉配合饲料在大规格卵形鲳鲹养殖中具有同商品料一样的促生长效果，且有利于降低血脂、减少养殖成本、提高养殖效益，可全周期应用于卵形鲳鲹养殖。

英文摘要:

Abstract:【Objective】In the early stage of the study, the high-efficient and low-fishmeal compound feed developed by our research group showed good application effects in the aquaculture of small-sized Trachinotus ovatus. The study was conducted to further evaluate the application effect of this feed in the aquaculture of large-sized T. ovatus, to provide some references for practical production.【Method】Based on the formula of commercial feed (CK) and high-efficient and low-fishmeal compound feed (test feed), two groups of feed were prepared by feed processing technology and equipment of the enterprise, and large-sized Trachinotus ovatus (125.8 ± 0.70 g) were fed for 95 d. The growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, digestive enzyme activity and muscle quality of each group were compared and analyzed.【Result】There was no significant difference in the growth performance, morphological indicators, serum and liver antioxidant performance indicators, and intestinal digestive enzyme activities between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the daily feed intake, specific growth rate, daily weight gain rate and weight gain rate of the test group T. ovatus were 2.64%, 1.35%, 2.73%, 247.34%，which were 0.21，0.03，0.07，2.25 percentage point higher than those of the control group, respectively，while the feed coefficient that was 0.03 percentage point lower. The levels of total cholesterol (T-CHO), serum triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in the test group were 0.88, 0.18, 0.30 mmol/L, which were significantly reduced when compared with the control group, while the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio (102.20%) was significantly increased (P < 0.05). In terms of muscle quality, there was no significant difference in muscle protein and fat content as well as amino acid composition (total amino acids, essential amino acids and flavor amino acids) between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the test feed significantly improved the texture characteristics of the muscle and increased the EPA level in the muscle. Furthermore, compared with the commercial feed, the cost of the test feed was reduced by 8.65%, and the aquaculture benefit was increased by 17.76%.【Conclusion】In the aquaculture of large-sized T. ovatus, the high-efficient and low-fishmeal compound feed exhibits similar growth-promoting effects as commercial feed, and it helps to reduce blood lipids, lower aquaculture costs, and improve aquaculture benefits. The above results indicate that the high-efficient and low-fishmeal compound feed can be applied in the entire aquaculture cycle of T. ovatus.

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