| 邓嘉茹,刘志伟,霍立志,等.纤丽瓢虫对豆蚜的捕食功能反应[J].广东农业科学,2024,(10-11):- |
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纤丽瓢虫对豆蚜的捕食功能反应 |
| Predatory functional response of Harmonia sedecimnotata to Aphis craccivora |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-20 修订日期：2024-11-13 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 纤丽瓢虫 豆蚜 捕食功能反应 搜寻效应 种内竞争 生物防治 |
| 英文关键词: Harmonia sedecimnotata Aphis craccivora Predatory functional response Searching efficiency Intraspecial interference Biological control |
| 基金项目:广州市林业和园林局部门预算项目:林业园林科学技术研究经费-食蚜类瓢虫产业化关键技术研究(穗财编[2023]1号)； |
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| 摘要点击次数: 49 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】明确纤丽瓢虫（Harmonia sedecimnotata）对豆蚜（Aphis craccivora）的捕食能力，为纤丽瓢虫田间防控豆蚜的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以纤丽瓢虫和豆蚜为研究对象，设置不同虫态的纤丽瓢虫和不同密度梯度的高龄若蚜，采用室内捕食的方法，结合数据模型拟合，明确纤丽瓢虫各虫态对豆蚜的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应和自身密度干扰反应。【结果】纤丽瓢虫1~4龄幼虫和雌雄成虫对豆蚜的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ模型，捕食量随猎物密度增加而增加，增加速率逐渐减小；1~4龄幼虫和雌雄成虫对豆蚜的瞬时攻击率分别为0.824、0.808、1.364、1.139、1.499、1.626，处理时间分别为0.060、0.014、0.006、0.003、0.004、0.005 d，日最大捕食量分别为16.667、71.428、166.667、333.333、250.000、200.000头；纤丽瓢虫1~4龄幼虫和成虫的捕食能力由强到弱分别为4龄幼虫、雌成虫、雄成虫、3龄幼虫、2龄幼虫和1龄幼虫；幼虫捕食量随着龄期升高而增加，4龄幼虫的单头猎物处理时间最短（0.003 d）、捕食能力最强（379.667）、日最大捕食量最高（333.333头）；纤丽瓢虫对豆蚜的搜寻效应随猎物密度增加而降低，雌成虫的搜寻效应均大于雄成虫；纤丽瓢虫自身密度对豆蚜的捕食作用影响符合Hassell模型，雌雄成虫个体间存在种内干扰，干扰方程分别为E=0.465P-0.515和E=0.366P-0.505，平均捕食效率随猎物密度增加而降低，分摊竞争强度随猎物密度增加而升高，平均单头捕食量随捕食者密度增大而减少，当捕食者密度达5头/皿时，纤丽瓢虫雌雄成虫捕食效率最低，分别为0.198和0.172，分摊竞争强度最大，分别为0.548和0.558。【结论】纤丽瓢虫对豆蚜具有较强的捕食能力，是豆蚜生物防治的重要天敌昆虫，在实际应用中，应根据蚜虫发生密度，采用适宜的虫态和数量进行投放。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The predation ability of Harmonia sedecimnotata to Aphis craccivora was clarified, which would provide scientific basis for control of A.craccivora by H.sedecimnotata in the field.【Methods】H.sedecimnotata and A.craccivora were taken as experimental subjects. H.sedecimnotata in different stages and different density gradients of late instar nymphs of A.craccivora were prepared to determine the predation function response, search effect and intraspecies interference response of H.sedecimnotata to A.craccivora by indoor predation method and numerical model.【Results】The predation function of each instar of larva and adults of H.sedecimnotata was consistent with Holling II model. The predation amount increased with the increase of prey density. However, the rate of increase is gradually decreasing. When the prey density reached a certain level, the predation amount changed little. The instant attack rate(a) of 1-4st larvae, female and male adults were 0.824, 0.808, 1.364, 1.139, 1.499, 1.626, and their handling time(Th) were 0.060, 0.014, 0.006, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005 d, and their maximum daily predation were 16.667, 71.428, 166.667, 333.333, 250.000 and 200.000, respectively. The predation capacity of each instar and adult of the ladybird were ranked from strong to weak as 4th instar, female adult, male adult, 3st instar, 2st instar and 1st instar, respectively. The predation amount of larvae increased with the increase of age. For the 4st larvae, the handling time(Th) was the shortest , the predation capacity(a/Th) was the highest , the maximum daily predation was the highest . which were 0.003 d, 379.667, and 333.333 aphids, respectively. The search effect of the ladybird was decreased whith the increase of prey density. The search effect of female was greater than that of male.The effect of the adult H.sedecimnotata’s density on the predatory effect of A. craccivora was consistent with the Hassell model. There was intraspecies interference among adult H.sedecimnotata, and the interference equations of female and male adults were E=0.465P-0.515 and E=0.366P-0.505, respectively. The average predation rate and intensity of scramble competition of adults decreased and increased with the increase of prey density, respectively. The prey killed by per predator decreases with increasing predator density. When the predator density reached 5 predators per plate, the predation efficiency of female and male adults was the lowest, which were 0.198 and 0.172, and the intensity of scramble competition was the highest, which were 0.548 and 0.558.【Conclusion】 H.sedecimnotata is an important natural enemy in the biological control of A. craccivora, which has a strong predatory ability on the aphids. In practical application, when the population of aphids to a high density, the 4st instar larvae and adults should be released for control. In practical application, suitable insect state and quantity should be adopted according to the occurrence density of aphids. |
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