| 王琴,青炼,高晗,等.西藏彩色油菜种质资源利用潜力分析[J].广东农业科学,2024,(11):- |
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西藏彩色油菜种质资源利用潜力分析 |
| Analysis on Utilization Potential of Germplasm Resources of Colored Rapeseed in Tibet |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-05 修订日期：2024-12-02 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 彩色花油菜 种质资源 农艺性状 花青素 |
| 英文关键词: color rape germplasm resources agronomic traits anthocyanin |
| 基金项目:西藏自治区自然基金重点项目(XZ202301ZR0023G)；2024年中央财政支持高校发展专项资金(XK2024-03)；西藏农牧学院“新农科”高原植物生产类专业提升实践创新能力平台建设(藏财预指2023-1号)。 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 24 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为充分挖掘彩色花油菜种质资源在西藏的利用潜力,选育适合高原农区赏花和收籽兼用的彩色花油菜花品种,利用彩色油菜花将西藏的农、旅、文有机地结合,更好地助力乡村振兴。【方法】以23份彩色花油菜为研究材料,从生育期、农艺性状、产量性状及花瓣花青素含量方面进行了综合分析。【结果】参试彩色花油菜的生育期范围114~131 d,花期17~37 d,5份彩色花油菜材料花期长比对照长且生育期短；株高分布于87.20~150.28 cm,均低于对照；产量为763.80~2803.95 kg.hm-2,4份材料产量高于对照；千粒重3.69~5.73 g,有4份千粒重大于5.00 g；产量与株高和千粒重呈极显著相关,与每角果粒数呈显著相关；聚类分析将23份参试彩色花油菜材料聚为3类,第Ⅰ类群千粒重高且花色丰富,第Ⅱ类群各性状表现均匀,第Ⅲ类群为多角果且长角果型的高产彩色花油菜；紫色、红色和橙色的油菜花瓣花青素含量较高。【结论】23份参试彩色花油菜在高原地区均能正常完成生育期,且具有植株矮化的特点；注重株高、主花序长度、主花序有效角果数、角果长度、每角果粒数、千粒重等性状的选择有利于高产彩色花油菜的产量；花青素含量较高的紫色、红色和橙色的油菜更适用于鲜食或用作食品及保健品加工。以上结果可为西藏彩色花油菜花的选育奠定一定的种质基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】In order to fully exploit the utilization potential of rape germplasm resources in Xizang, a variety suitable for both ornamental and seed collection in plateau agricultural areas was selected, the use of colourful rape flowers to organically combine agriculture, tourism and culture in Xizang to better contribute to the revitalization of the countryside. 【Method】The growth period, agronomic characters, yield characters and anthocyanin content in petals of 23 rape cultivars were studied. 【Result】The duration of flowering period was 114~131d and 17~37 d, respectively. The plant height ranged from 87.20~150.28 cm, which was lower than the control. The yield was 763.80~2803.95 kg.hm-2, the yield of 4 materials was higher than that of the control, the weight of 1000-grain was 3.69~5.73 g, the weight of 4 materials was more than 5.00 g. The yield was significantly correlated with plant height and 1000-grain weight, and with the number of kernels per pod. Cluster analysis clustered 23 rape materials into 3 groups, the first group had high 1000-grain weight and rich flower color, and the second group had uniform characters, the third group is the high-yield colorful rape with Polygonum and longhorn type, and the purple, red and orange rape has higher anthocyanin content in petals. 【Conclusion】All the 23 tested rape varieties could complete their growth period normally and had the characteristics of plant dwarfing. Paying attention to plant height, length of main inflorescence, effective number of pod, length of pod, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight and other traits is beneficial to yield of high-yield color rape. Purple, red and orange rape with high anthocyanin content is more suitable for fresh food or food and health food processing. The above results may lay a foundation for the breeding of Xizang colored rape flower. |
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