| 彭一文,钟朱佩琦,金颖,等.浙江金线莲茎腐病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂室内毒力测定[J].广东农业科学,2025,(4-5):- |
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浙江金线莲茎腐病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂室内毒力测定 |
| Pathogen identification of stem rot of Anoectochilus roxburghii and laboratory toxicity test of fungicides |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-08 修订日期：2025-03-23 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 金线莲茎腐病 病原鉴定 尖孢镰刀菌 三唑类杀菌剂 甲氧基丙烯酸类杀菌剂 病害防控 |
| 英文关键词: Anoectochilus roxburghii stem rot pathogen identification Fusarium oxysporum triazole fungicides strobilurins fungicides disease control |
| 基金项目:浙江省“领雁”攻关计划《复垦耕地和改性土壤病虫害风险评估与绿色防控技术》（2023C02018）；金华市农业重大科技项目《金线莲工厂化密闭洁净栽培关键技术研究与示范》（2023-2-005） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】明确引起金线莲茎腐病的主要病原菌及其分类地位，结合农药生物测定筛选出对金线莲茎腐病具有较好防治效果的药剂。【方法】分别采集设施栽培和无菌栽培模式下具有金线莲茎腐病典型症状的病样，通过组织分离获得金线莲茎腐病的病原菌，采用最大似然法（ML）和贝叶斯法（Mrbayes）进行系统发育分析，并结合形态特征明确病原菌的分类地位；应用菌丝生长速率法测定三唑类杀菌剂和甲氧基丙烯酸类杀菌剂对金线莲茎腐病病原菌（ZJUP0240R和ZJUP1054-1）的抑菌效果。【结果】设施栽培和无菌栽培模式下的金线莲茎腐病均由Fusarium属的尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）引起。筛选出戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、氟环唑和吡唑醚菌酯四种药剂对金线莲茎腐病病原菌（ZJUP0240R和ZJUP1054-1）具有较好的抑菌效果，室内毒力测定结果表明，戊唑醇对尖孢镰刀菌ZJUP0240R的EC50为0.0652 mg·L-1，对尖孢镰刀菌ZJUP1054-1的EC50为0.0974 mg·L-1；苯醚甲环唑对尖孢镰刀菌ZJUP0240R的EC50为0.0731 mg·L-1，对尖孢镰刀菌ZJUP1054-1的EC50为0.1222 mg·L-1；氟环唑对尖孢镰刀菌ZJUP0240R的EC50为0.0166 mg·L-1，对尖孢镰刀菌ZJUP1054-1的EC50为0.0564 mg·L-1；吡唑醚菌酯对尖孢镰刀菌ZJUP0240R的EC50为2.5657 mg·L-1，对尖孢镰刀菌ZJUP1054-1的EC50为0.3696 mg·L-1，4种供试药剂的毒力效果依次为：氟环唑>戊唑醇>苯醚甲环唑>吡唑醚菌酯。【结论】尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）为不同栽培模式下的金线莲茎腐病的病原菌，三唑类和甲氧基丙烯酸类杀菌剂对金线莲茎腐病病原菌的菌丝抑制具有较好的效果，本研究结果可为金线莲茎腐病的精准识别和化学防控提供科学参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to clarify the pathogenic fungi and its taxonomic status that cause stem rot in Anoectochilus roxburghii under facility cultivation and aseptic cultivation modes, and to screen out the fungicides with better control effect on the disease by combining fungicide bioassay. 【Method】 The pathogenic fungi of Anoectochilus roxburghii stem rot were obtained by tissue isolation, and the maximum likelihood method (ML) and Bayesian method (Mrbayes) were used for combined gene phylogenetic analysis, and the taxonomic status of pathogens was clarified by morphological identification, and triazole fungicides and strobilurins fungicides were selected. The mycelial growth rate method was used to screen out the fungicides with good effect on the pathogens of stem rot (ZJUP0240R and ZJUP1054-1) . 【Result】 The results showed that the Anoectochilus roxburghii stem rot was caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) of Fusarium genus in both facility cultivation and aseptic cultivation modes. In addition, four chemical fungicides of tebuconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin were screened out in this study to have good effects on the pathogens of Anoectochilus roxburghii stem rot (ZJUP0240R and ZJUP1054-1) , and the the ordinals results showed that the EC50 of tebuconazole against Fo ZJUP0240R was 0.0652 mg·L-1, the EC50 for Fo ZJUP1054-1 was 0.0974 mg·L-1； The EC50 of difenoconazole for Fo ZJUP0240R was 0.0731 mg·L-1, the EC50 for Fo ZJUP1054-1 was 0.1222 mg·L-1； The EC50 of epoxiconazole for Fo ZJUP0240R was 0.0166 mg·L-1, the EC50 for Fo ZJUP1054-1 was 0.0564 mg·L-1； The EC50 of pyraclostrobin for Fo ZJUP0240R was 2.5657 mg· L-1, the EC50 for Fo ZJUP1054-1 was 0.3696 mg·L-1. The toxic effects of the pathogens of Anoectochilus roxburghii stem rot (Fo ZJUP0240R and ZJUP1054-1) to the four tested fungicides were as follows: epoxiconazole> tebuconazole> difenoconazole> pyraclostrobin. 【Conclusion】 Fusarium oxysporum is a pathogenic fungi of Anoectochilus roxburghii stem rot under different cultivation modes, and the results of fungicide screening experiments show that triazole fungicides and strobilurins fungicides have a good effect on the mycelial inhibition of Anoectochilus roxburghii stem rot pathogens, and the effect of triazole fungicides is better than that of strobilurins fungicides in fungicides sensitivity and virulence effect, and the results of this study can provide a reference for the identification and chemical control of Anoectochilus roxburghii stem rot. |
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