| p>李瑜琬,梁浩辉,鲁慧杰,等.大口黑鲈仔稚鱼早期发育及对不同饲料原料的选择性试验[J].广东农业科学,2025,(3-4):- |
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大口黑鲈仔稚鱼早期发育及对不同饲料原料的选择性试验 |
| Early Development of Larvae and Juvenile of largemouth bass（Micropterus salmoides) and Selective Experiment on Different Feedstuff |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-22 修订日期：2025-03-07 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 大口黑鲈 早期发育 饲料原料 消化酶 免疫 抗氧化酶 |
| 英文关键词: Largemouth bass Early development Feedstuff Digestive enzymes Immunity Antioxidant enzymes |
| 基金项目:广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目（2023KJ115）, |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】旨在更全面了解大口黑鲈仔稚鱼早期发育与初次开口摄食情况，为其大规模育种与开口饵料的研发提供科学依据。【方法】采用显微镜观察法、生物学测量和组织切片法，对大口黑鲈仔稚鱼发育各时期的形态特征进行研究，并分析大口黑鲈仔稚鱼的消化、免疫和抗氧化酶活性的变化。同时，采用生物学测量法测量12dah摄食不同饲料原料的大口黑鲈的体长和体质量，并记录其存活率。【结果】根据大口黑鲈胚后发育卵黄囊消失、肛门、鳍条和黑斑出现等发育情况划分为初孵期、仔鱼期和稚鱼期，并确定开口时间为5dah。15 dah以前，大口黑鲈仔鱼体质量与全长的缓慢增长，15 dah后的仔稚鱼迅速增长。仔稚鱼从出膜到26 dah，其上颌长、体质量与全长均存在异速生长的现象(P <0.05)。大口黑鲈的胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶0 dah可检测出，胃蛋白酶在0-15 dah检测不出。初孵仔鱼观察到肝脏和肠道，4dah出现弥散性的胰脏和7dah出现雏形的胃。碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶的活性呈先升后降再升；总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽抗氧化物酶总体呈先升后降，丙二醇呈先升后降再升(P <0.05)。丰年虫组的终末体长和存活率显著优于蚯蚓发酵虫膏、豆奶宝和钝顶螺旋藻粉组（P＜0.05）。各组的终末体质量、特定生长率和肥满度无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。【结论】大口黑鲈仔稚鱼可以划分为初孵期、仔鱼期以及稚鱼期，开口摄食时间为5dah。随着日龄的增长，仔稚鱼外部形态的规律变化与内部的消化系统、免疫系统的发育相互促进，能够快速提高其的捕食、游泳和免疫能力，适应早期生活环境。3种饲料原料中，发酵蚯蚓虫膏投喂效果更佳，具有与丰年虫类似的促生长作用，可作为投喂大口黑鲈仔鱼的开口饲料候选原料进行下一步开发利用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The aim is to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the early development and initial feeding behavior of largemouth bass larvae, providing scientific basis for their large-scale breeding and the development of open feed.【Method】Using microscopic observation, biological measurement, and tissue sectioning methods, the morphological characteristics of the developmental stages of juvenile largemouth bass were studied, and the changes in digestion, immunity, and antioxidant enzyme activity of juvenile largemouth bass were analyzed. At the same time, biological measurement methods were used to measure the body length and weight of largemouth bass fed with different feed materials for 12 dah, and their survival rates were recorded.【Result】The results showed that according to the disappearance of yolk sac, appearance of anus, fins and black spots during embryonic development of largemouth bass, it can be divided into the newly hatched larvae stage, larvae stage and juvenile stage. Among them, the larvae stage period can be divided into the early and late stages of fry based on the absorption of yolk sac. As the age of juvenile largemouth bass increases, its total body mass and total length gradually increases. Upper jaw length, total length and body mass all exhibit allometric growth. Trypsin, lipase, and amylase were detected at the beginning, but gastric protease was not detected at 0~15 dah. The activity of pancreatic protease showed an upward trend, with lipase decreasing first and then increasing, and α-Amylase shows a gradual upward trend, lipase first decreases and then increases.The liver and intestines of the newly hatched largemouth bass larvae were observed, with a embryonic stomach at 7 dah and a diffuse pancreas at 4 dah. Subsequently, the digestive system of juvenile fish undergoes structural and functional improvements as it grows. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in largemouth bass showed an initial increase followed by a decrease and then an increase again; The total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione antioxidant enzymes showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, while propylene glycol showed an initial increase followed by a decrease followed by an increase (P<0.05). The final body length and survival rate of the Fairy shrimp group were significantly better than those of the earthworm fermented insect paste group, soycomil group, and Spirulina powder group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in final body mass, specific growth rate, and fertilizer coverage among the groups (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】The juvenile stage of largemouth bass can be divided into three stages: the newly hatched larvae stage,larvae stage and juvenile stage, with a feeding time of 5 days. With the increase of age, the regular changes in the external morphology of juvenile fish promote the development of their internal digestive and immune systems, which can quickly improve their hunting, swimming, and immune abilities and adapt to early living environments. Among the three types of feedstuffs, earthworm fermented insect paste has a better feeding effect and has a growth promoting effect similar to that of the fairy shrimp. It can be used as a candidate feed material for feeding larvae largemouth bass for further development and utilization. |
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