| 刘春花 1，2，梁慧丽1
，孙承文 1，2，陶家发 1
，巩 华 1
，石存斌 1
，吴淑勤 1.区域微型生物养护剂对池塘环境改善作用研究[J].广东农业科学,2019,46(10):104-113 |
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区域微型生物养护剂对池塘环境改善作用研究 |
| Study on the Effect of Regional Micro-biological CuringAgent on the Improvement of Pond Environment |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2019.10.017 |
| 中文关键词: 微型生物养护剂（护料） 浮游藻类 原生动物 水质因子 |
| 英文关键词: micro-bio-curing agent (conserving stuff) phytoplankton protozoa water quality factors |
| 基金项目:中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费（2017HY-ZD0504）：中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所自主科技创新项目（ZC2019-8） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨区域微型生物养护剂在水产养殖中改善养殖生态环境的作用机理。【方法】在实验室
内用水族缸建立 4 个模拟池塘生态环境，各处理的底泥、池水来源分别为：处理 1 和处理 3 来自南沙健康塘，处
理 2 来自南沙非健康塘，处理 4 来自清远非健康塘，各引入鳙鱼（Aristichthys nobilis）3 尾、罗非鱼（Oreochromis
mossambicus）2 尾、清道夫鱼（Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus）2 尾，搭配合理的投饲管理，定期使用以南沙与清
远当地池塘微生物及农业生产次产品制成的池塘微型生物养护剂（护料），观察护料对水质因子、浮游藻类、原
生动物及鱼体的养护作用。【结果】使用护料对降低处理 2 及处理 4 的氨氮效果显著，并在模拟试验期间维持各
处理的水质因子相对稳定。试验过程中，浮游藻类震荡增加，试验组比对照组增速快、变动幅度窄，第 90 天（D90）
时平均密度、种类数及多样性指数分别依次为处理 4 ＞处理 1 ＞处理 3 ＞处理 2、处理 2 ＞处理 4 ＞处理 1 ＞处理 3、
处理 4 ＞处理 2 ＞处理 1 ＞处理 3，使用护料可将主要浮游藻类种类养护为绿藻门、硅藻门种类，并降低单一优
势种类的比例；在护料的养护下，原生动物的物种丰富度明显增加，第 60 天（D60）时各处理的平均密度、种类
数量及多样性指数均表现为处理 1 ＞处理 3 ＞处理 2 ＞处理 4；鱼体存活率大幅提高，各组存活率依次为处理 1
（85.7%）＞处理 2（57.1%）＞平均数（50.0%）＞处理 4= 处理 3（28.6%），其中，对水质要求高的鳙鱼在处理 1、
处理 2 中均有 1 尾存活。【结论】运用护料中具有区域属性的微生物菌群，并随养殖时期调整护料 C/N 比，可养
护池塘使养殖系统动态稳定，保持健康养殖。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the mechanism of the action of the regional microbiological curing agent in improving the ecological environment in aquaculture.【Method】The simulated pond ecological
environment was established in 4 aquarium tanks, in which the mud and water were collected from a healthy pond in
Nansha town of Guangzhou City (Group 1 and 3), an unhealthy pond from Nansha Town (Group 2), and an unhealthy pond in
Qingyuan City. 3 Aristichthys nobilis, 2 Oreochromis mossambicus and 2 Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus were cultured in each tank and the scientific feeding management was applied to observe the effects of conserving stuff on water quality factors,
phytoplankton, protozoa and fish survival rateby using local pond microorganism in Nansha and Qingyuan and pond microbiological curing agent (conserving stuff) made from agricultural sub-products regularly.【Result】With the use of conserving
stuff, the ammonia nitrogen was greatly reduced in Group 2 and Group 4, and the water quality factors were stable during the
experiment period. The average phytoplankton density, number of species and diversity index in experimental groups grew
more rapidly and varied in less narrow range than those in control group, which showed as: Group 4 ＞ Group 1 ＞ Group 3
＞ Group 2,Group 2 ＞ Group 4 ＞ Group 1 ＞ Group 3 and Group 4 ＞ Group 2 ＞ Group 1 ＞ Group 3 on D90 respectively.
The main species of phytoplankton could be maintained as chlorophyta and diophyta species, and the proportion of single
dominant species was reduced. The species richness of protozoa increased obviously, and the average density, number of species
and diversity index of all groups showed as: Group 1 ＞ Group 3 ＞ Group 2 ＞ Group 4 on D60. The survival rate of fish was
significantly increased, which showed as: Group 1 (85.7%) ＞ Group 2 (57.1%) ＞ average (50.0%) ＞ Group 4 = Group 3
(28.6%), and A. nobilis, which needs to live in good water condition,was alive in Group 1 and Group 2.【Conclusion】Both
the local microorganism in conserving stuff and the adjustable C/N ratio of conserving stuff played active roles in improving the
aquaculture ecosystem and the stability of pond culture system could be maintained in a dynamic balance. |
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