| 岳冬冬 1，张 明 1,2，吴反修 3，俞 鑫 1.中国水产养殖技术效率评估研究[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(5):164- |
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中国水产养殖技术效率评估研究 |
| Evaluation of Technical Efficiency of Aquaculture in China |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.05.020 |
| 中文关键词: 水产养殖 技术效率 数据包络分析 绿色发展 |
| 英文关键词: aquaculture technical efficiency data envelopment analysis green development |
| 基金项目:153 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1453 |
| 全文下载次数: 503 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】技术效率是反映水产养殖绿色发展水平的重要指标之一，评估水产养殖技术效率对于促进不同省份优化配置生产要素具有重要作用。【方法】借助数据包络分析（Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA）模型对 2018 年我国 31 个省份的水产养殖综合技术效率进行评估，利用综合技术效率结果对 31 个省份进行聚类分析，并测算技术效率有效时的投入要素冗余量。【结果】全国水产养殖综合技术效率总体偏低，均值为 0.827，纯技术效率和规模效率的均值分别为 0.93 和 0.89，均有提升空间；各省份水产养殖投入要素和技术应用的综合水平差异明显，其中综合技术效率有效的省份有 11 个、占比 35.48%，而 48.39% 的省份综合技术效率值低于均值；各省份水产养殖规模报酬变化特征相异，其中规模报酬递增的省份数量最多（18 个）、占比 58.06%，说明增加投入要素规模是提高效率的可行路径；聚类分析划分的 3 个梯队中，包括了水产养殖主产省和非主产省，可见综合技术效率与产出规模并无直接关系。【结论】建议通过提高水产养殖规模化程度，加强水产养殖技术创新能力，合理安排水产养殖投入要素，预测预警养殖生产规模需求等措施，以促进水产养殖效率稳步提高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Technical efficiency is one of the important indicators reflecting the green development level of aquaculture, and assessing the efficiency of aquaculture technology plays an important role in promoting the optimal allocation of production factors in different provinces.【Method】The comprehensive technical efficiency of aquaculture in 31 provinces in China was evaluated and analyzed by using the DEA model based on the statistical data in 2018, the cluster analysis was carried out for 31 provinces by using the results of comprehensive technical efficiency, and the redundancy of input factors when the technical efficiency was effective was measured.【Results】It was found that comprehensive technical efficiency of aquaculture nationwide was overall low, with an average value of 0.827, and the average values of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency were 0.93 and 0.89, and there was room for improvement in both pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. The comprehensive levels of aquaculture input factors and technology applications were significantly different in different provinces, and the comprehensive technical efficiency of 11 provinces were effective, accounting for 35.48%, while the comprehensive technical efficiency value of 48.39% provinces was lower than the mean level. The variation characteristics of aquaculture returns to scale in different provinces were different, and the number of provinces with increasing returns to scale reached 18, accounting for 58.06%, which indicated that increasing the scale of input factors was a feasible way to improve efficiency. The three echelons divided by cluster analysis included the primary aquaculture producing provinces and non-primary producing provinces, which meant that the comprehensive technical efficiency was not directly related to output scale.【Conclusion】In order to promote the steady improvement of aquaculture efficiency, it is proposed to increase the scale of aquaculture, strengthen the technology innovation ability of aquaculture, arrange aquaculture input factors reasonably, and predict the demand for early-warning aquaculture production scale. |
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