| 何 浩，伍龙梅，黄 庆，邹积祥，何瑞毓，黄海鹏，王天平，林鸿生.南方双季稻区水稻不同种植模式碳足迹
和经济效益比较研究[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(11):8-17 |
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南方双季稻区水稻不同种植模式碳足迹
和经济效益比较研究 |
| Study on Carbon Footprints and Economic Benefits of Different Rice Cropping Patterns in Double Cropping Rice Area of Southern China |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.11.002 |
| 中文关键词: 碳足迹 气候变化 生命周期法 种植模式 南方双季稻区 |
| 英文关键词: carbon footprint climate change life cycle approach cropping pattern double cropping rice area of southern China |
| 基金项目:广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2020B0202010006）；乡村振兴战略专项资金 - 广东省农业科学院海纳丝苗米产业研究院项目（2021 研究院 01）；广东省自然科学基金（2019A1515110860）；广东省重点实验室运行费（2020B1212060047） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】以南方双季稻区不同种植模式为研究对象，在不同模式碳足迹研究基础上，结合经济效益对各种植模式进行比较分析，旨在为制定农业生产政策提供决策参考，为农业固碳减排提供新思路、新途径。【方法】利用水稻、油料作物、蔬菜作物的产值、生产成本投入等统计数据，对间接碳排放（化肥、农药、农膜、农业机械）部分计算不同种植模式的碳足迹，分析各模式的经济效益。【结果】一熟模式中中稻碳足迹最高〔947.8 kg/hm2（CO2-eq）〕、早稻最低〔927.4 kg/hm2（CO2-eq）〕，各地区中稻碳足迹以浙江最高〔1 057.3 kg/hm2（CO2-eq）〕、海南最低〔747.8 kg/hm2（CO2-eq）〕；一熟、二熟、三熟种植模式平均碳足迹分别为939.0、2 910.1 和 3 961.8 kg/hm2（CO2-eq），农资投入中以肥料碳足迹所占比例最大、平均为 60.2%；不同种植模式中，三熟模式产值最高、为 13.0 万元 /hm2，早稻的成本利润率最低、为 -11.2%；各模式碳足迹和生产成本构成相似，但是各因子占比差异较大，差异最大的是肥料和劳动力。【结论】三熟模式产值最高，对保障我国粮食安全和提高农民收入方面有较好作用，但其碳足迹也比一熟、二熟模式高。碳足迹和产值之间呈显著正相关关系，三熟模式平均单位净利润碳足迹最低。减少化肥使用量是降低南方双季稻区碳足迹的关键途径，而降低人工成本是降低生产成本提高农民收入的主要途径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Based on the study on carbon footprints of different cropping patterns in double cropping rice area of southern China, this paper compared and analysed the cropping patterns in combination with economic benefits, aiming to provide a reference for making agricultural production policies and a new way for carbon sequestration and emission reduction in agriculture.【Method】The output values and production cost inputs of rice, oil crops and vegetable crops were used to calculate the carbon footprints of indirect carbon emissions（chemical fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film and agricultural machinery）of different planting patterns, and the economic benefits of various patterns were analysed.【Result】Semilate rice had the highest carbon footprint〔947.8 kg/hm2（CO2-eq）〕, and early rice had the lowest carbon footprint〔927.4 kg/hm2（CO2-eq）〕. Semilate rice of Zhejiang Province had the highest carbon footprint〔1 057.3 kg/hm2（CO2-eq）〕, and that of Hainan Province had the lowest carbon footprint〔747.8 kg/hm2（CO2-eq）〕. The average carbon footprints of single, double and triple cropping patterns were 939.0, 2 910.0 and 3 961.8 kg/hm2（CO2-eq）, respectively. Among the agricultural inputs, carbon footprint of fertilizer accounted for the largest proportion, with an average of 60.2%. Among different cropping patterns, the output value of triple cropping pattern was the highest, with an average value of nearly 130 000 yuan/hm2, and the costprofit ratio of early rice was the lowest, which was -11.2%. The carbon footprints and production cost compositions of various cropping patterns were similar, but the proportion of each factor varied greatly, and there was the greatest difference in fertilizer and labour.【Conclusion】The output value of the triple cropping pattern is the highest, which plays a good role in guaranteeing China's food security and improving farmers' income, while its carbon footprint is also higher than that of the single and double cropping patterns. There is a significant positive correlation between carbon footprint and output value. The carbon footprint of average net profit per unit of the triple cropping pattern is the lowest. Reducing fertilizer consumption is the key way to reduce carbon footprint, and reducing labour cost is the main way to reduce production cost and increase farmers' income. |
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