| Li Feng Liang.荔枝成花过程及其重要制约因子[J].广东农业科学,2021,(5-6):- |
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荔枝成花过程及其重要制约因子 |
| Floral formation processes of litchi and the important factors restricting this event |
| 投稿时间：2021-02-05 修订日期：2021-05-03 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 荔枝，花芽分化，圆锥花序，聚伞花序，温度，水分，光照 |
| 英文关键词: litchi lychee floral differentiation panicle cymose temperature cold waves water light |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 257 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 荔枝花序由圆锥花序(复总状花序)与二岐聚伞花序共同组成。圆锥花序部分只负责基础性的花序骨架构建,故认为是“骨架花序”；二岐聚伞花序部分专管成花,是“开花花序”。于是,荔枝花序实际上由“骨架花序”和“开花花序”构成,可称为“圆锥基聚伞(繖)花序”。荔枝成花要经历两个重要的转折点,一是末次秋梢顶端从生理分化状态转入形态分化,二是发育中的花序从圆锥花序分化状态转入聚伞花序的分化。可以用这两个转折点将荔枝成花过程划分成三个步骤：1.花序原基的诱导和孕育；2.抽穗及构建花序骨架；3.着花及花器官建成。文中分专题讨论重要内外因子,特别是树体营养状况的改变及不断变化的环境温度,对荔枝成花过程的制约作用。强调应用促进荔枝成花坐果耕作技术需要“把握时空”。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The inflorescence of litchi is composed of both panicle (compound raceme) and dichasia. The component panicle can be considered as “skeleton inflorescence” because of its function is mainly responsible for building up the skeleton that is the basic of the inflorescence. The component dichasia can be thought of “flowering inflorescence” since its function is special responsible for the differentiation of flowers. So, the inflorescence of litchi is actual composed of both “skeleton inflorescence” and “flowering inflorescence”. And can be regarded as “cymes based on panicle”. There are two turning points in the floral formation processes of litchi. First, the physiological differentiation is switched into the morphological differentiation at the terminal buds of last autumn shoots. Second, the developing inflorescence transforms its differentiating status from panicle (compound raceme) development to cymose differentiation. Therefore, the entire floral formation process can be divided, by using the two turning points, into three stages as follows: stage 1. Floral primordial induction and development; stage 2. The elongation of the main axis of the panicle and the building up of the skeleton of the inflorescence; and stage 3. Setting of flowers on cymose branches and the differentiation of floral organs. In this paper, we discussed, with focus on several subjects, how the important factors, both internal and external,restrict and affect the floral formation processes of litchi, paying specific attentions to the nutritional status of the trees and the changing of environmental temperature for their influences to the floral formation of litchi. We also emphasized the importance of “Grasping the time (temporal) and space (spatial)” while using the effective farming techniques to promote the floral formation and fruit setting of litchis. |
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