| 【Objective】The objective was to compare and analyze the fertilization status of major crops and existing
problems between large planting households and ordinary farmers in Huicheng District, to provide a basis for judging the
rationality of fertilization in regional farmland and adjusting fertilizer structure, and to explore the positive effects of scale
management on fertilizer reduction.【Methods】The fertilization status of 91 households were investigated and analyzed in
Huicheng District by questionnaire survey.【Results】The use of chemical fertilizer in the survey area was within a reasonable
range and the application rate of organic manure was relatively low. The average yield of rice was not high. The application
of organic manure in rice was low among large planting households and ordinary farmers. The average application rate of
rice fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O) by ordinary farmers was 366.6 kg/hm2, with N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.3∶0.7, which tended to be
reasonable. The application rate of chemical fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O) by large planting households was 421.1 kg/hm2, with
N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.5∶0.7, which reflected a problem of high nitrogen and high phosphorus. The average yield of sweet corn
was higher. The application rate of organic manure of large planting households was higher than that of ordinary farmers. The
application rate of sweet corn fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O) by ordinary farmers was 627.6 kg/hm2, with N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.6∶0.8,
which caused a problem of high phosphorus. The application rate of chemical fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O) by large planting
households was 508.1 kg/hm2, with N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.5∶0.5, which reflected problems of high phosphorus and low
potassium. The application rate of vegetable organic manure of large planting households was higher than that of ordinary
farmers, but it was still lower than the recommended application rate. The application rate of vegetable fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O)
of ordinary farmers was 685.4 kg/hm2, with N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.7∶0.7, which existed a problem of high phosphorus. The
fertilizer application rate of large planting households (N+P2O5+K2O) was 285.9 kg/hm2, with N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.3∶0.5,
which contained a problem of low potassium. The amounts of chemical fertilizer applied by the large planting households on
sweet corn and vegetable crops were 19.0% and 58.3% lower than those of ordinary farmers, respectively.【Conclusion】Newtype management entities such as large planting households have great potential in increasing the application of organic manure
and reducing the application of chemical fertilizer. It is suggested that the countermeasures for fertilizer reduction and efficiency
improvement can be proposed in a targeted manner. |
