| Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops for mankind. Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the earth’s crust, and its toxicity seriously limits the yield of rice in acidic soil. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve the yield of crop in acidic soil, breed varieties with strong resistance to aluminum toxicity and carry out research on the mechanism of aluminum tolerance. Compared with other crops, rice possesses superior tolerance to aluminum stress as it has strong external detoxification and internal tolerance mechanisms for aluminum toxicity. The organic acids, active oxygen scavenging system, and other ion antagonism play an important role in response to aluminum toxicity in rice. Aluminum tolerance is a quantitative trait controlled by both multiple genes and environment. With the development of sequencing technology, more and more aluminum-tolerant QTL in rice have been identified. However, only about 20 have been cloned, of which are mainly transcription factors, ion transporters protein, and phytohormones influx carrier and efflux carrier. Aluminum-tolerant genes in rice still need to be discovered and utilized. In this study, the genetics theory and reported QTL of aluminum tolerance in rice were summarized. Furthermore, the progress of the research on physiological and molecular mechanisms for aluminum tolerance in rice was reviewed. Finally, the research directions and hot spots of rice aluminum tolerance were discussed and prospected. |
