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| Research Progress on Pathogenic Mechanism of Effectors of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.06.004 |
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract: Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most serious citrus diseases worldwide, causing huge economic losses
every year and seriously affecting the development of the global citrus industry. In Lingnan region of China, HLB threatens the
growth of important medicinal plants, such as Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’, C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’, and C. medica ‘Fingered’.
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is the most common pathogen, which colonizes the phloem of plants and mainly infects rutaceae citrus species. At present, there is a lack of reports on the successful cultivation of CLas in vitro, making it difficult to
study the pathogenic mechanism and control of the disease. Effector (also called effector protein) is a kind of pathogenic factor
secreted by pathogens to the host, serving as an important weapon for pathogens to infect plants. The effectors are capable
of targeting the key immune signal transduction and regulatory components of host cells, thereby inhibiting plant defense
responses and enhancing the pathogenicity of pathogens. CLas can secrete over a hundred effectors, mainly divided into Secdependent effectors and non-classical secretory effectors according to different secretion pathways. Among them, there are 90
Sec-dependent effectors and 15 non-classical secretory effectors. They play a key role in the pathogenic process of infecting the
host. Studies have shown that HLB effectors could target multiple cellular processes including plant immune signal transduction,
autophagy, salicylic acid signaling pathway, and seriously disrupt the host’s defense response to achieve colonization. Combined
with recent researches on the pathogenic mechanism of HLB effectors, this article elaborates on the research overview of
HLB and the classification of HLB effectors, and summarizes the pathogenic mechanism of effectors that affect citrus defense
response. Finally, it offers a prospect on the future research directions, discusses the possibility of searching for important
resistance genes to HLB based on identification of effector targets, with a aim to provide guidance for the pathogenic mechanism
and disease control of HLB through the study of the effectors. |
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