| 胡心蕊 1，何志超 2.基于 DEA 和 Malmquist 指数的广东省渔业效率研究[J].广东农业科学,2024,51(2):163-172 |
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基于 DEA 和 Malmquist 指数的广东省渔业效率研究 |
| Study on Fishery Efficiency in Guangdong Province Based on DEA and Malmquist Index |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.02.015 |
| 中文关键词: 广东省渔业 技术效率 全要素生产率（TFP） 数据包络分析（DEA） Malmquist 指数 |
| 英文关键词: fishery in Guangdong Province technical efficiency total factor productivity (TFP) data envelopment analysis (DEA) Malmquist index |
| 基金项目:广东省普通高校人文社科重点研究基地（2022WZJD001）；广东省重点建设学科科研能力提升项目（2022ZDJS018）；广东省优势农产品对外贸易创新团队项目（KA21031C8） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】分析掌握广东渔业的产出效率，为发展可持续的低耗高产渔业提供数据参考。【方法】基于数据包络分析（DEA）及 Malmquist 指数，对 2011—2022 年期间广东渔业综合技术效率和全要素生产率指数及其分解进行测算和分析，并与全国平均值进行对比。【结果】广东渔业综合技术效率每年均高于全国平均水平，但2011—2014 年、2018—2019 年和 2021 年广东渔业规模报酬呈现递减。通过对广东水产养殖和水产品捕捞的综合技术效率分别进行测算，发现 2011—2022 年期间广东水产养殖的综合技术效率较高，除 2013 年和 2014 年外，均为DEA 有效。将 DEA 无效年份的广东水产养殖和水产品捕捞在生产前沿面上的投影调整为 DEA 有效，结果显示，2013 年和 2014 年广东水产养殖投入的冗余率分别为 5.98% 和 10.46%，而 2011—2014 年、2018—2019 年和 2021年广东水产品捕捞投入的冗余率在 39.73%~74.27% 之间，说明水产品捕捞的过度投入以及由此引发的捕捞综合技术效率低下是造成 2011—2014 年、2018—2019 年和 2021 年广东渔业规模报酬递减的主要原因。广东渔业的技术进步和全要素生产率上升幅度与全国平均水平相差较远，全要素生产率和技术进步指数均比全国平均增幅低 4.7%，说明广东省在渔业技术进步方面有较大提升空间。【结论】建议广东加大渔业科技的投入力度，加强渔业技术创新，以促进渔业技术进步和提高全要素生产率；加快渔业产业结构调整，合理布局养殖和捕捞规模，以解决广东渔业规模报酬递减的问题；加强渔业资源保护和增殖放流，利用自然生产力增加可捕捞渔业资源；加强水产良种创制及养殖新模式和新技术的开发，进一步拓展水产养殖空间和提高水产养殖的产出效率。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The study was carried out to accurately understand the output efficiency of fishery in Guangdong Province and provide data reference for the development of low-consumption and high-yield sustainable fishery in Guangdong.【Method】The comprehensive technical efficiency and total factor productivity indexes (TFP) as well as their decomposition of fisheries in Guangdong from 2011 to 2022 were calculated and analyzed based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index.【Result】The comprehensive technical efficiency of fishery in Guangdong was higher than the national average level every year, however, the returns to scale of fishery in Guangdong decreased progressively during 2011-2014, 2018-2019 and 2021. By calculating the comprehensive technical efficiency of aquaculture and fishing of aquatic products in Guangdong, it was found that the comprehensive technical efficiency of aquaculture in Guangdong during 2011-2022 was relatively high, and all of them were DEA effective except for that in 2013 and 2014. The projection of aquaculture and fishing of aquatic products in Guangdong in the year of DEA ineffectiveness was adjusted to DEA efficiency. The results showed that the redundancy rate of aquaculture input in 2013 and 2014 were 5.98% and 10.46%, respectively. The redundancy rates of fishing input in Guangdong in 2011—2014, 2018—2019 and 2021 ranged from 39.73% t o 74.27%, indicating that the excessive input in fishing of aquatic products and the resulting low comprehensive technical efficiency of fishing were the main reason for the decrease in returns to scale of fishery in Guangdong during 2011—2014, 2018—2019 and 2021. The technological progress and increase rate of TFP of fishery in Guangdong were far from the national average level, and both the TFP and technological progress index were 4.7% lower than those of the national average, indicating that there was a large space for improvement in technological progress of fishery Guangdong.【Conclusion】It is suggested that Guangdong should increase the investment of fishery science and technology and strengthen the innovation of fishery technology to promote the progress of fishery technology and improve the TFP; speed up the adjustment of fishery industry structure, and rationally arrange the scale of aquaculture and fishing to solve the problem of decreasing returns to scale of fishery in Guangdong; strengthen the protection of fishery resources and the enhancement and release of fishery to use natural productivity to increase catchable fishery resources; enhance the creation of improved aquatic varieties and the development of new breeding models and technologies, to further expand the aquaculture space and improve the output efficiency of aquaculture. |
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