| 严 倩，吴洁芳，姜永华，陈洁珍，蔡长河，欧良喜.43 份荔枝种质资源的雌花受精与坐果评价[J].广东农业科学,2019,46(1):28-35 |
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43 份荔枝种质资源的雌花受精与坐果评价 |
| Evaluation on Female Flower Fertilization and Fruit Setting of 43 Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Germplasm Resources |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2019.01.005 |
| 中文关键词: 荔枝 种质资源 单穗雌花数量 受精率 座果率 聚类分析 |
| 英文关键词: litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) germplasm resources the number of female flower per panicle fertilization rate fruit setting rate cluster analysis |
| 基金项目:国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系任务专项（CARS-33-01）；广州市农业财政专项资金（1810881）；农业农村部 -物种品种资源保护费项目（111821301354052293）；科技部国家科技共享服务平台项目（NICGR2018-53） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】了解不同荔枝种质资源的单穗雌花数量、受精和坐果特性，为种质资源利用和品种选育
提供参考。【方法】以国家种质 - 广州荔枝圃的 43 份荔枝种质资源为试验材料，于 2018 年调查不同品种的单
穗雌花数量、受精率和每周座果率等生物学性状差异。【结果】同一性状在不同荔枝种质资源中均存在明显差
异，其中单穗雌花数量最大和最小的品种分别是妃子笑和翠香荔，为 449.33、69 朵 / 穗；受精率最高和最低品
种分别是陈紫和妃子笑，为 60.20% 和 11.63%；最终座果率最高和最低的品种分别是增埗早黑叶和紫娘喜，为
26.06% 和 1.03%。聚类分析将参试材料分为 3 类：第Ⅰ类群有 7 份种质，均为高座果率资源；第Ⅱ类群有 10
份种质，属于低座果率类资源；第Ⅲ类群有 26 份种质，其座果率介于第Ⅰ类和第Ⅱ类之间。每个类群动态座
果率变化与最终座果率保持一致。【结论】荔枝单穗雌花数量与受精率呈显著负相关性，花后 1 个月内的落果
程度对最终坐果影响最大。以上品种的受精与坐果特性将为荔枝花果管理和杂交育种亲本选择提供可靠依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The present study is to know the number of female flowers per panicle, fertilization and
fruit setting characteristics of different litchi germplasm resources in order to provide references for utilization of Litchi
germplasm resources and variety breeding.【Methods】43 litchi germplasm resources from the National Germplasm –
Guangzhou Litchi Nursery were used to investigate the differences in their biological traits such as number of female flowers
per panicle, fertilization rate and weekly fruit setting rate in 2018.【Results】There were differences in the same traits for
different litchi germplasm. The number of female flowers per panicle varied from 449.33 in‘Feizixiao’to 69 in ‘Cuixiangli’.
The highest and lowest fertilization rates were found in‘Chenzi’(60.20%) and ‘Feizixiao’(11.63%) respectively. The
highest and lowest final fruit setting rates were found in ‘Zengbu Zaoheiye’ (26.06%) and ‘Ziniangxi’ (1.03%),
respectively. All the materials under test were divided into three main groups through clustering analysis. There were seven
germplasms in Group Ⅰ , with high fruit setting rate; There were ten germplasms in Group Ⅱ , with low fruit setting rate;
and there were twenty-six germplasms in Group III, with the value of fruit setting rate was between that of Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ . The dynamic change on fruit setting rate of each group was consistent with the final fruit setting rate.【Conclusion】
A significant negative correlation existed between the number of female flowers per panicle and the fertilization rate.The degree
of fruit abscission within one month after flowering had the greatest impact on the final fruit setting. The fertilization and fruit
setting characteristics of the above varieties will provide a reliable basis for the management of litchi flowers and the parental
selection in cross breeding. |
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