| 李宇林，罗学刚.铀对两种湿生植物生理生化及其积累特性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2019,46(9):77-84 |
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铀对两种湿生植物生理生化及其积累特性的影响 |
| Effects of Uranium on Physiological, Biochemical and Accumulation Characteristics of two Hygrophytes |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2019.09.011 |
| 中文关键词: 铀 泽泻 鱼腥草 植物修复 水体污染治理 |
| 英文关键词: uranium Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn Houttuynia cordata Thunb phytoremediation water pollution control |
| 基金项目:国家国防基础科研计划项目（16ZG6101） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1882 |
| 全文下载次数: 763 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为了研究铀对泽泻和鱼腥草两种湿生植物的生理生化及其积累特性的影响，探究其用于
修复铀污染水体的可行性。【方法】设置浓度 5、30、55 mg/L 铀处理进行水培试验，每个处理 3 次重复，并设
空白对照；21 d 后测定植物抗氧化酶活性、光合参数、荧光参数、丙二醛及可溶性蛋白含量。【结果】（1）在
不同铀浓度处理下，泽泻和鱼腥草的抗氧化酶活性均呈现先升后降的趋势，在铀浓度 30 mg/L 时，两种植物的
过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等抗氧化酶活性均达到最大值，分别比
对照上升 11.79%、114.69%、69.64% 和 6.03%、19.91%、10.71%；在铀浓度 55 mg/L 时，两种植物的 MDA 含量
达到最高，分别比对照上升 70.42% 和 55.42%。（2）不同的铀浓度处理下，两种湿生植物的光合速率（A）、
气孔导度（Gs）、胞间 CO2 浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）等光合参数及最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、光合性能指
数（PIABS）等叶绿素荧光参数均受到不同程度的影响，在铀浓度 55 mg/L 时，两种植物的叶片 Ci 分别比空白对
照下降 13.14% 和 27.49%；Tr 均呈先升后降趋势，泽泻叶片 Gs 呈先增后减、鱼腥草叶片 Gs 呈逐渐上升趋势；
两种植物的光合速率在铀浓度 55 mg/L 时下降最为明显，分别比对照下降 55.19% 和 85.92%，Fv/Fm 分别比对照
下降 25.27% 和 1.45%；两种植物的 PIABS 均先升后降，泽泻 PIABS 在铀浓度 5 mg/L 时达到最大值、比对照上升
146.43%，鱼腥草泽泻 PIABS 在铀浓度 30 mg/L 时达到最大值、比对照上升 86.57%。（3）两种植物茎叶和根部对
铀的富集浓度在 55 mg/L 时达到最大，分别为 2 778.74、10 393.94 mg/kg 和 3 184.91、6 515.00 mg/kg。【结
论】本研究表明泽泻和鱼腥草对铀均有一定的富集能力和耐受性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The experiment was conducted to study the effects of uranium on the physiological,
biochemical and accumulation characteristics of two kinds of hygrophytes(Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. and Houttuynia
cordata), and to explore the feasibility of its application in uranium contaminated water remediation.【Method】Different
uranium treatment concentrations (5, 30, 55 mg/L) were set for hydroponic experiments, repeated for 3 times in each
treatment. After 21 days, activity of oxidase, photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence parameters, malondialdehyde and
soluble protein contents were determined.【Result】The results show that, the antioxidant enzyme activity of Alisma
plantago-aquatica Linn and Houttuynia cordata showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing under different
concentrations of uranium treatment. At the uranium concentration of 30 mg/L, the antioxidant enzyme activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) of the two plants all reached the maximum values, which
increased by 11.79%, 114.69%, 69.64% and 6.03%, 19.91% , 10.71% , respectively, compared with those of the control group.
With the treatment of uranium concentration of 55 mg/L, the MDA content of the two plants reached the highest level, which
increased by 70.42% and 55.42%, respectively compared with that of the control group. At different uranium concentrations,
the photosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and
transpiration rate (Tr)) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic
performance index (PIABS) of the two plants were influenced differently. At the uranium concentration of 55 mg/L, the Ci of
leaves of two plants decreased by 13.14% and 27.49% respectively, compared with that of the blank control group. The leaf Tr
of both plants increased first and then decreased, while the leaf Gs of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn increased first and then
decreased. The leaf Gs of Houttuynia cordata increased gradually. The photosynthetic rate of the two plants decreased most
obviously at uranium concentration of 55 mg/L, which was 55.19% and 85.92% lower than that of the control group, respectively.
Compared with that of the control group, Fv/Fm of the two plants decreased by 25.27% and 1.45%, respectively. PIABS of the
two plants increased first and then decreased. At uranium concentration of 5 mg/L, the PIABS of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn
reached the maximum value, which was 146.43% higher than that of the control group, and PIABS of Houttuynia cordata was
86.57% higher than that of the control group at uranium concentration of 30 mg/L. (3) The enrichment concentration of uranium
in plants reached the maximum value at 55 mg/L, and the enrichment concentrations of the stem, leaf and root reached 2 778.74,
10 393.94 mg/kg and 3 184.91, 6 515.00mg/kg, respectively.【Conclusion】Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn and Houttuynia
cordata have certain enrichment ability and tolerance to uranium. |
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