| 袁玉婷.甘蓝型春油菜在西藏不同生态区性状差异分析[J].广东农业科学,2019,46(11):7-14 |
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甘蓝型春油菜在西藏不同生态区性状差异分析 |
| Analysis of Differences in Traits of Spring Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) in Different Ecological Regions of Tibet |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2019.11.002 |
| 中文关键词: 西藏 甘蓝型春油菜 生态区 生态因子 |
| 英文关键词: Tibet spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) ecological regions ecological factor |
| 基金项目:国家农业产业技术体系专项（CARS-12） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】研究甘蓝型春油菜在西藏不同海拔生态区的适应性，以期获得影响春油菜生长发育的主
要影响气候因子。【方法】以 3 份春油菜品种为试材，分别种植于 5 个不同海拔试点（堆龙县、贡嘎县、白朗县、
扎囊县、拉萨市），测定春油菜农艺及主要品质性状。【结果】春油菜在高海拔生态区种植后，出苗至抽薹期
推迟 8 d（藏油 12）；抽薹至初花时间推迟 6 d（京华 165）；对单株角果数影响最大，单株角果数减少 25 个（大
地 95）；每角粒数最大增加 6.4 个（京华 165）；千粒重增加 1.01 g（藏油 12 号），含油量增加 2.55%（藏油 12 号）；
硫苷增加 15.30 μmol/g（大地 95）；芥酸（藏油 12 号）升高 5.00%。相关性分析显示，单株角果数、每果粒数
与纬度、海拔、降雨量、极端高温呈显著正相关；每果粒数与平均蒸发量呈显著负相关；千粒重与极端低温、
平均蒸发量呈显著正相关，与纬度、极端高温呈显著负相关；含油量与海拔呈显著正相关，与温度因子显著或
极显著负相关；硫苷与纬度、海拔、降雨量呈显著正相关；芥酸与海拔呈显著正相关，与极端高温则相反。【结
论】生态因子对春油菜农艺及品质性状的影响不尽相同，总体上，随着海拔的升高，除角果性状外，春油菜农
艺性状变差，含油量趋于优质，芥酸及硫苷趋于劣质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】The adaptability of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in different ecological regions
of Tibet was studied in order to obtain the primary climatic factors which influenced the growth and development of
spring rapeseed. 【Methods】Three varieties of spring rapeseed were planted in five pilots of different altitude ( Duilong
County, Gongga County, Bailang County, Zhalang County and Lhasa City) to detect their agronomic and main quality
traits.【Results】After being planted in the high-altitude ecological area, period of emergence to bolting of the spring
rapeseed was postponed for 8 days (Zangyou 12), and bolting to beginning of flowering was postponed for 6 days (Jinghua
165). The altitude was the greatest influence factor on the number of pods per plant, the decreased number of which was
25 (Dadi 95). The maximum increased number of seeds per siliqua was 6.4 (Jinghua 165), and the 1000-seed weight was
increased by 1.01 g (Zangyou 12). The content of oil was increased by 2.55% (Zangyou 12), the content of glucosinolate
increased by 15.3 μmol/g (Dadi-95) and the content of erucic acid (Zangyou 12) increased by 5.00%. The result of
correlation analysis showed that the number of pods per plant and seed number per siliqua presented a significantly
positive correlation with latitude, altitude, rainfall, and extremely high temperature. The number of pods per plant
was significantly negative correlated with the average evaporation. The 1 000-seed weight presented a significantlypositive correlation with the extremely low temperature and the average evaporation, while it presented a significantly
negative correlation with altitude and extremely high temperature. The content of oil presented a significantly positive
correlation with attitude, and a significant or extremely significant negative correlation with temperature factor. The
content of glucosinolate presented a significantly positive correlation with latitude, altitude, and rainfall. The content of
erucic acid showed a significantly positive correlation with altitude, while showed negative correlation with extremely
high temperature.【Conclusion】The effects of ecological factors on the agronomic and quality traits of B. napus L. were
different. In general, with the increase of altitude, the agronomic traits of spring rapeseed were poor (except for the trait
of siliqua), the content of oil tended to be high quality, and the contents of glucosinolate and erucic acid tended to be
inferior. |
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