| 刘 斌.紧跟世界科技发展前沿，水稻分子育种初见成效——广东省农业科学院水稻分子育种进展[J].广东农业科学,2020,47(12):12-23 |
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紧跟世界科技发展前沿，水稻分子育种初见成效——广东省农业科学院水稻分子育种进展 |
| Following the Frontier of Scientific and Technological Development, Significant Progress Has Been Made in Molecular Rice Breeding ─ A Brief Introduction to the Work in Molecular Rice Breeding of Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2020.12.002 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 数量性状座位 全基因组关联分析 基因克隆 分子育种 |
| 英文关键词: rice quantitative trait locus genome-wide association study gene cloning molecular breeding |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0200302）；广州市科学研究专项（201804020078）；广东省农业科技创新及推广项目（2018LM2150）；广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目（2019KJ106，2020KJ106）；广东省应用型科技专项（2015B020231002）；国家自然科学基金国际（地区）合作与交流项目（31461143019） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 水稻是我国超过60%人口的主粮，对我国粮食安全具有举足轻重的作用。随着人口的不断增加，可耕地面积的逐渐减少，加上全球气候变化的影响，以表型鉴定和选择为基础的水稻常规育种已无法满足人们对水稻日益增长的需求。在广泛的稻种资源中挖掘特异优良基因，开展高效准确的分子育种被认为是实现水稻育种第三次突破和确保我国粮食安全的根本途径。为了进一步提升广东省水稻育种的能力和技术水平，在各级政府的大力支持下，广东省农业科学院水稻研究所建立了“广东水稻育种新技术重点实验室”和“国家水稻改良中心广州分中心”，以此为依托平台，充分利用水稻所丰富的水稻种质资源和水稻常规育种的优势，开展了大规模的水稻重要性状基因的鉴定和分子育种，已取得显著成绩。对1992年以来水稻研究所水稻分子育种技术平台的构建、水稻重要性状基因鉴定，特别是对水稻稻瘟病抗性、耐冷性和收获指数的分子遗传研究、以及以分子标记辅助选择为基础的水稻分子育种的主要进展进行综述，并对下一步水稻分子育种工作进行展望。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Rice is the main staple food for over 60% of the population in China and plays a crucial role in food security.With the increase of population, the decrease of arable land and the impact of global climate change, the phenotype-based conventional rice breeding can not meet the increasing demand for rice. Identification of favorable genes associated with important traits and performing efficient and precise molecular breeding have been considered the fundamental way to realize the third breakthrough in rice breeding and ensure food security. To further improve the capacity and technical level of rice breeding, with the strong support from the government at various levels, “Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technologies in Rice Breeding” and the“Guangzhou Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement”were constructed in Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences（hereinafter called the Institute）. Based on these labs, through making good use of the abundant rice germplasm resources and the strength in conventional rice breeding of the Institute, large-scale identification of genes associated with important traits was conducted and marker-assisted selection （MAS） was performed, and significant achievements have been made. This paper reviewed the major progresses in the construction of rice molecular breeding technology platform in the Institute, identification of important trait genes since 1992, in particular the molecular genetic researches of blast resistance, cold tolerance and harvest index, and MAS-based
molecular rice breeding. In addition, the future prospects in molecular rice breeding was also discussed. |
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