| 钟 颖，刘 蓉，黄 苗，宋 翔，朱美霖，李纯华，胡运高.水稻不同胞质不育系异交能力对氮肥调控的响应研究[J].广东农业科学,2021,48(5):1-9 |
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水稻不同胞质不育系异交能力对氮肥调控的响应研究 |
| Response of Outcrossing Ability of Different Rice CMS Lines to Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulation |
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| DOI：10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2021.05.001 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 同核异质不育系 繁殖 异交能力 氮肥水平 |
| 英文关键词: Rice Isonuclear-alloplasmic CMS lines reproduction outcrossing ability nitrogen level |
| 基金项目:四川省“十四五”育种攻关项目（2016NYZ0028）；四川省科技厅科技成果转移转化项目（2021NZZJ0024）；四川省教育厅科研项目（18zb0615）；大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202010619084） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 不育系异交习性的差异影响杂交水稻制种产量，制种过程已成为制约三系杂交水稻推广的关键环节。不育系的异交习性受遗传和环境因素的多重影响。【目的】研究 5 种水稻不育胞质类型和肥料调控技术对杂交水稻不育系异交习性的影响，为提高繁殖、制种产量提供新的途径。【方法】选择野 败型（W）、爪哇型（JW）、冈型（G）、K 型（K）和印水型（YS）核质互作不育胞质构建同核异质不育系，研究不同氮肥调控处理不育系的异交习性和繁殖产量，探索胞质效应对不育系异交能力的影响效应及其肥料调控机制。【结果】各同核异质不育系繁殖产量的提高主要由有效穗数、千粒重和结实率的增加共同控制；JW 型和 W 型胞质不育系在 10 kg/667m2 氮肥施用条件下繁殖产量达到最高，分别达到 259.20、244.04kg/667m2，GA、KA 和 YSA 则需要18 kg/667m2 氮肥施用量其繁殖产量才可以达到 250 kg/667m2，但又会存在病虫害高发的风险。【结论】胞质效应及其与氮肥的互作对不育系的主要农艺性状和异交习性均会产生显著影响，氮肥水平对不育系的农艺性状和繁殖产量的影响大于胞质效应，胞质效应主要影响不育系的柱头外露等异交习性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The yield of hybrid rice seed production is affected by the difference of outcrossing habits of Male sterile lines, and the process of seed production has become a key link restricting the promotion of three-line hybrid rice.【Objective】In order to provide a new way to improve the yield of reproduction and seed production, the effects of five types of male sterile cytoplasm and fertilizer regulation techniques on the outcrossing habits of male sterile lines in hybrid rice were studied.【Method】The nucleo-cytoplasmic interactive sterile cytoplasm of W-type, JW-type, G-type, K-type and YS-type were
selected to construct isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile（CMS）lines. The outcrossing habit and reproductive yield of CMS lines were studied under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments with a view to explore the influence of cytoplasmic effect on the outcrossing ability of male sterile lines and its fertilizer regulation me chanism.【Result】The increase of reproductive yield of each isonuclear-alloplasmic CMS line was mainly controlled by the increase of effective panicle number, 1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate. Under the condition of 10 kg / 667m2 nitrogen fertilizer, the reproductive yield of JW and W CMS lines reached the highest, 259.20 kg / 667m2 and 244.04 kg / 667m2, respectively; while the yield of GA, KA and YSA could reach 250 kg / 667m2 with 18 kg / 667m2 nitrogen fertilizer, but there was a high risk of diseases and pests.【Conclusion】Cytoplasmic effect and its interaction with nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on the main agronomic characters and outcrossing habits of CMS lines. The effect of nitrogen level on agronomic traits and reproductive yield of CMS lines was greater than that of cytoplasmic effect. Cytoplasmic effect mainly affected outcrossing habits of CMS lines such as stigma exposure. |
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